黄土高原南部土壤退化机理研究

黄土高原土壤侵蚀极其严重 ,这不仅导致了土壤生产力的降低 ,同时也导致了土壤的退化。本文在定位监测、室内分析及野外调查的基础上 ,研究了黄土高原南部土壤的退化机理。结果表明 :土壤中 <0 0 1mm颗粒和土壤养分流失是造成黄土高原土壤退化的主要原因 ,耕地土壤结构状况的恶化和土壤酶的流失使土壤退化程度进一步加剧 ,从而成为严重制约该区经济发展障碍。     

舟山渔场近岸海水中营养盐的分布特征

根据１９９６年对舟山渔场近岸海域的三期调查结果，讨论了海水中营养盐的含量及分布特征。结果表明，调查海区海水中营养盐含量较高，超标严重；营养物质的浓度一般在长江和线塘江河口最高，由岸向外渐低，且表层高于底层，呈现与盐度负相关的规律性；由于受化学和生物过程的影响，活性磷酸盐在空间分布上表现出明显的特殊性，８月和１１月磷酸盐含量在长江口没有形成峰值区，５月和８月大部分分外侧站位磷酸盐含量底层明显高于表层     

人工污水中的N在模拟秋茄湿地系统中的分配循环及其净化效果

在温室中建立模拟红树林植物秋茄湿地系统，系统包括１年生秋茄苗、底泥和潮汐海水，分别用正常、５倍和１０倍浓度的人工制备的城市污水每周定时、定时对模拟系统污灌２次，持续１年。用以研究营养污物Ｎ在系统中的分配循环及被净化的效果。结果表明，加入系统中的污水Ｎ主要留存在土壤中，留存在植物中只有一小部分，４个处理污水浓度组植株中Ｎ元素周转期衣次为４．１年、４．９年、５．３年和４．３年，比２０龄的秋茄群落Ｎ周期     

长江口最大浑浊带潮滩沉积物间隙水营养盐剖面研究

2005-03～2006-02对长江口崇明东滩高、中、低潮滩3个典型站点沉积物间隙水中各营养盐成分含量及其随深度的变化做了为期1a的逐月观测.结果显示,研究区域间隙水中NH₄⁺和SiO₃^2-的浓度一般在200～500μmol/L之间,高、中、低潮滩间显示出了不同的分布态势;与高潮滩和中潮滩相比,没有植被覆盖、粒径较粗的低潮滩往往具有较高的NH+4浓度和较低的SiO₃^2-浓度;     

温江县土壤中的硫

通过对温江县１２年水稻土种含硫量的测定表明，除两个土种外，１０个土种有效硫含量较低。对小麦、小稻和油菜茎杆及籽粒Ｎ／Ｓ测定，小麦、水稻缺硫。合理施用硫肥，增加土壤中的硫素营养，是当前农业环境中要注意的问题。     

Factors Influencing 2,4-D Sorption and Mineralization in Soil

Abstract

This study quantified 2,4-D [(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)acetic acid] sorption and mineralization rates in five soils as influenced by soil characteristics and nutrient contents. Results indicated that 2,4-D was weakly sorbed by soil, with Freundlich distribution coefficients ranging from 0.81 to 2.89 µg^1?1/n  g^?1 mL^{1/ n} . First-order mineralization rate constants varied from 0.03 to 0.26, corresponding to calculated mineralization half-lives of 3 and 22 days, respectively. Herbicide sorption generally increased with increasing soil organic carbon content, but the extent of 2,4-D sorption per unit organic carbon varied among the soils due to differences in soil pH, clay content and/or organic matter quality. Herbicide mineralization rates were greater in soils that sorbed more 2,4-D per unit organic carbon, and that had greater soil nitrogen contents. We conclude that the effect of sorption on herbicide degradation cannot be generalized without a better understanding of the effects of soil characteristics and nutrient content on herbicide behavior in soil.     

几种模拟处理方式污泥淋出液重金属与养分特征

为了减少城市污泥重金属对农田的污染,更好地实现污泥农业资源化利用,通过盆栽实验研究不同处理(对照、黑网、附Fe黑网、附Fe黑网+K2SO4及附Fe黑网+玉米)对城市污泥淋出液重金属和养分含量等的影响。结果表明,黑网可降低污泥淋出液的Zn﹑Cd总量,且没有减少污泥淋出液中氮、磷和钾的总量。Fe(OH)3可使淋出液中Zn总量降低,但同时也显著减少了淋出液中的磷总量。K2SO4可降低淋出液中的Cu总量,且促进Fe结合磷的释放。玉米的种植可使污泥的总重降低,同时玉米籽粒和茎叶重金属含量达到饲料标准。综合来看,任何处理每次淋出液的Cu、Zn、Pb、Cd浓度均符合农田灌溉水标准,淋出液氮、磷、钾量占原污泥中氮、磷、钾总量的比例(0.98%～9.88%)远远大于重金属元素(Cu,Zn,Pb,Cd)占原污泥对应重金属总量的比例(0.04%～0.41%),污泥淋出液作为农田灌溉水进行肥水利用将是污泥农业资源化利用的适合途径,同时黑网+玉米处理可能是较理想的污泥综合处理利用方式。     

Modeling Climate Change Impacts on Hydrology and Nutrient Loading in the Upper Assiniboine Catchment1

Shrestha, Rajesh R., Yonas B. Dibike, and Terry D. Prowse, 2011. Modeling Climate Change Impacts on Hydrology and Nutrient Loading in the Upper Assiniboine Catchment. Journal of the American Water Resources Association (JAWRA) 48(1): 74‐89. DOI: 10.1111/j.1752‐1688.2011.00592.x Abstract: This paper presents a modeling study on climate‐induced changes in hydrologic and nutrient fluxes in the Upper Assiniboine catchment, located in the Lake Winnipeg watershed. The hydrologic and agricultural chemical yield model, Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) was employed to model a 21‐year baseline (1980‐2000) and future (2042‐2062) periods with model forcings for future climates derived from three regional climate models (RCMs) and their ensemble means. The modeled future scenarios reveal that potential future changes in the climatic regime are likely to modify considerably hydrologic and nutrient fluxes. The effects of future changes in climatic variables, especially precipitation and temperature, are clearly evident in the resulting snowmelt and runoff regimes. The future hydrologic scenarios consistently show earlier onsets of spring snowmelt and discharge peaks, and higher total runoff volumes. The simulated nutrient loads closely match the dynamics of the future runoff for both nitrogen and phosphorus, in terms of earlier timing of peak loads and higher total loads. However, nutrient concentrations could decrease due to the higher rate of runoff increase. Overall, the effects of these changes on the nutrient transport regime need to be considered together with possible future changes in land use, crop type, fertilizer application, and transformation processes in the receiving water bodies.     

辽西褐土施肥及养分循环再利用中长期试验 Ⅱ. 土壤养分收支

持续10a的田间试验结果表明，在保持农业系统养分循环再利用的基础上，根据土壤养分供给力设计化肥施用量，可以在实现作物高产的同时，平衡土壤养分收支，从而避免土壤中肥料养分（主要是氮）过剩而进入环境。     

棉花田力宝盆栽肥效研究

采用盆栽试验方法，客观评价“田力宝微生物肥料”对棉花生长发育和产量的影响．生物试验和植株养分吸收测定结果表明，田力宝能够为棉花生长提供少量磷素营养，但不能满足棉花全生育期生长的需要，本观察到田力宝的固氮微生物活性，其处理效果与施用复合肥料比较差异悬殊，与不施肥处理相当，不可能取代化肥使用．