SBAR中同步脱氮好氧颗粒污泥的菌种特性

采用气提式内循环间歇反应器进行好氧颗粒污泥培养,用分批培养法对好氧颗粒污泥中具有脱氮作用的菌种进行分离纯化.对各菌种进行了鉴别,通过培养过程中对氧气条件的控制,考察了各菌种反硝化生长特性和需氧性.结果表明,好氧颗粒污泥纯化培养可得到异养硝化-好氧反硝化菌以及兼性亚硝化菌和硝化菌,分离得到的反硝化菌在有氧反硝化条件下能够生长,因此好氧颗粒污泥中微生物具有多样性和较强的适应性,从侧面体现出好氧颗粒污泥微观结构的复杂性.     

进水方式对序批式人工湿地处理效能的影响

序批式人工湿地具有较高的脱氮效能,研究考察了序批式人工湿地间歇和连续2种进水方式对其处理效能的影响。研究表明,进水方式对TN去除效能影响显著,对COD、NH4＋-N去除影响不显著。在水温18～25℃,负荷38 gCOD/（m2.d）条件下,采用＂进水10 min-反应12 h-排水10 min-排空闲置4 h＂的间歇进水方式时,可使进水COD、NH4＋-N和TN分别为306、65和73 mg/L的生活污水,出水分别为45、7和19 mg/L,去除率分别为85%、89%和74%,与＂进水反应12 h-排水10 min-排空闲置4 h＂的连续进水方式相比,COD和TN的去除率分别提高4%和32%。     

厌氧条件下序批操作与连续操作对基质利用的影响

研究了在厌氧条件下以葡萄糖为基质的序批操作与连续操作反应器中微生物利用基质的不同途径。结果表明，在连续操作中，反应器内的VFA及污泥中的糖原含量保持不变，葡萄糖被用于产生甲烷和微生物增殖，两者分别占进水COD的79.34%和20.62%。在序批操作中，当进水结束时，50.17%的葡萄糖被转化为糖原储存于细胞体内，反应器内的VFA、产生的甲烷及微生物增殖分别占进水COD的25.05%、11.56%和13.22%；当反应结束时，葡萄糖转化为甲烷和微生物细胞的部分分别占进水COD的78.13%和20.6%，积累的VFA及储存的糖原被微生物代谢。两种不同操作模式下葡萄糖的代谢途径不同，序批式反应器中由于糖原储存的存在，减缓了VFA的积累，为厌氧系统的高效、稳定运行提供了保证。     

序批式曝气生物滤池处理含海水污水中的硝化性能

采用序批式曝气生物滤池工艺,以牡蛎壳为填料、含海水污水为处理对象,系统考察不同的海水含率、原水葡萄糖和氨氮浓度等原水条件下的硝化性能。结果表明,对于海水含率在40%到100%的污水处理,氨氮去除率可达到95%以上,表明该生物滤池中的氨氧化菌(AOB)可耐受较高的海水盐度;耐海水盐度的驯化硝化细菌中,AOB的耐盐度抑制能力强于亚硝酸氧化菌(NOB),当海水含率大于70%时,NOB的活性更容易受到抑制。在高海水盐度下,降低原水的葡萄糖与氨氮浓度可提高NOB活性。牡蛎壳附着生物膜与液相悬浮污泥中的AOB和NOB均参与了氨氮去除,生物膜中的AOB和NOB活性高于悬浮污泥。     

Influence of the organic complex concentration on adsorption of herbicide in organic modified montmorillonite

This study was undertaken to determine the impact of the organic complex concentration on the adsorption of herbicide (acetochlor) at the surface of the organic modified montmorillonite. In this work, natural montmorillonite from Bogovina (Boljevac municipality, Serbia) was used for organic modification. Cation-exchange capacity of this montmorillonite was determined using a methylene blue method (86 mmol/100 g of clay). Montmorillonite has been modified first with NaCl and then with hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide (HDTMA-bromide) organic complex. Saturation of cation exchange capacity (CEC) was 50%, 100%, and 150%. Changes in the properties of the inorganic and organic montmorillonite have been examined using the X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and batch equilibrium method. Montmorillonite modified with HDTMA-bromide demonstrated higher uptake of the herbicide, compared to the inorganic montmorillonite. Comparing the values Freundlich coefficients in batch equilibrium method, it can be seen that the adsorption of acetochlor decreased in the series: 0.5 CEC HM > 1 CEC HM > 1.5 CEC HM > NaM.     

硫自养反硝化系统运行效能和微生物群落结构研究

启动了单质硫自养反硝化反应器并研究其脱氮性能,通过血清瓶批式实验测定了污泥的反硝化活性,并采用扫描电镜和高通量测序手段揭示了系统内微生物群落结构特征.结果表明,SBR反应器进水NO₃^--N浓度为80mg/L,随水力停留时间由12h逐渐缩短为6h,反应器的自养脱氮性能逐渐增强,稳定期反应器的总无机氮去除率达99.1%,总无机氮去除负荷平均值为0.158kg N/（m³·d）;SBR周期内NO₂^--N浓度最大值为13.3mg/L,NO₃^--N还原为NO₂^--N过程pH值由7.38降低至6.94,NO₂^--N还原为N₂过程pH值基本不变;批式实验结果表明,硫自养反硝化和异养反硝化NO₃^--N去除速率分别为0.515,0.196kg N/（kg VSS·d）,硫自养反硝化污泥NO₂^--N降解速率为0.117kg N/（kg VSS·d）,污泥同时具有自养反硝化和异养反硝化活性;扫描电镜显示,污泥中存在大量的杆状细菌和球状菌;污泥中主要的硫反硝化细菌分别为Thiobacillus、Sulfurimonas和Thermomonas属,其相对丰度分别为14.5%、7.6%和6.0%.     

Comparative study of polyhydroxyalkanoates production from acidified and anaerobically treated brewery wastewater using enriched mixed microbial culture

The production of polyhydroxyalkanoates(PHA) from wastewaters using microbial mixed cultures(MMC) has been attracting increased interest because of PHA's biodegradability characteristics. Production of PHA by an MMC enriched with PHA-accumulating bacteria was compared using anaerobically treated and acidified brewery wastewaters under various feeding strategies, namely pulse and batch feed addition. To obtain an enriched MMC, a sequencing batch reactor was inoculated with activated sludge fed with acetate and subjected to aerobic dynamic feeding. The enriched MMC was able to accumulate PHA up to 72.6% of cell dry weight(CDW) with pulse addition of acetate controlled by the dissolved oxygen(DO) concentration in the reactor. In a batch accumulation experiment with acetate,the PHA content achieved(28.5% CDW) was less than that of the pulse feeding strategy with the same amount of acetate(～2000 mg C/L). Using anaerobically treated and acidified brewery wastewater fed in pulses, the maximum PHA accumulated by the enriched MMC was similar for both wastewaters(45% CDW), in spite of the higher volatile fatty acid concentration in acidified brewery wastewater. The pulse feed addition controlled by the DO concentration was difficult to implement for wastewater as compared to acetate because the difference in DO concentration between substrate availability and depletion was low. For the batch addition of acidified wastewater, a slightly lower PHA content(39%CDW) was obtained. These results show that both brewery wastewaters can be utilized for PHA production with a similar maximum PHA storage capacity.     

沼液SBR处理出水养殖螺旋藻

养猪沼液氮磷等营养物质丰富,可作为廉价的螺旋藻培养基,但其成分复杂,尤其是高氨氮等因素严重抑制螺旋藻的生长.采用序批式生物反应器(sequencing batch reactor,SBR)降低沼液中的氨氮浓度,通过改变进水中化学需氧量(chemical oxygen demand,COD)与总氮(total nitrogen,TN)的比值,研究了沼液中的亚硝态氮及硝态氮的保留情况,为螺旋藻生长提供氮源.通过对比螺旋藻在不同工况出水中的生长情况,以及氮元素的保留情况,筛选出最佳SBR工况.摇瓶试验结果表明,当进水COD/TN=3.0,出水中氨氮、硝态氮、亚硝态氮浓度分别为51.2、91.6、213.1 mg·L~(-1),此时螺旋藻具有较快生长速率,产率达到0.084 g·(L·d)~(-1).在此基础之上,通过放大螺旋藻培养规模至120L,研究了螺旋藻在室外大棚中的生长情况及螺旋藻对沼液中氮、磷元素的去除,结果表明螺旋藻在室外依然生长良好,培养10 d后,产率为(0.075±0.003)g·(L·d)~(-1),螺旋藻蛋白含量达到60%左右,养殖出水中氨氮去除率达到99%.     

ANAMMOX的快速启动及EPS在ANAMMOX颗粒污泥中的空间分布

为探讨厌氧氨氧化反应的快速启动过程及胞外聚合物(extracellular polymeric substances,EPS)在厌氧氨氧化颗粒污泥中的空间分布,采用厌氧序批式反应器(anaerobic sequencing batch reactor,ASBR)接种活性污泥成功启动厌氧氨氧化反应.结果表明稳定运行时,NH_4~+-N、NO_2~--N去除率均达到99%以上,TN去除率为89.87%±0.43%,总氮(TN)去除负荷达到1.7kg·(m~3·d)~(-1).NH_4~+-N与NO_2~--N的消耗量和NO_3~--N生成量之间的比例关系为1∶(1.32±0.08)∶(0.24±0.03).反应器运行中,出水pH和NO_3~--N浓度可作为反应性能的指标,快速判断反应器运行情况.蛋白质为厌氧氨氧化颗粒污泥EPS的主要组分,蛋白质(PN)和多糖(PS)的含量分别为(59.61±5.64)mg·g~(-1)、(12.21±2.04)mg·g~(-1),PN/PS为4.88±1.39.β-D-呋喃葡萄糖和死细胞集中分布在颗粒污泥最外层;活细胞、蛋白质、脂类、α-呋喃葡萄糖和α-甘露糖遍布整个颗粒污泥,但主要集中在外侧.蛋白质和脂类构成了厌氧氨氧化颗粒污泥的骨架,厌氧氨氧化菌分布在蛋白质和脂类中间.     

生活污水与人工配水对好氧颗粒污泥系统的影响

在R1、R2两组序批式活性污泥反应器（SBR）中接种污水处理厂回流污泥,分别以人工配水和实际生活污水为进水,研究常温下（20~30℃）进水水质对好氧颗粒污泥工艺的启动以及温度变化对系统稳定运行的影响.结果表明,R1、R2分别历时25 d、42 d启动成功,颗粒污泥稳定后,其平均粒径分别达到1200 μm、750 μm,R1、R2内出水COD、TP、TN的平均浓度分别为22.53、0.48、7.70 mg·L^-1和49.73、0.49、14.55 mg·L^-1,去除率分别为90.60%、90.34%、87.85%和79.74%、88.59%、79.25%.当温度降低至5~16℃时,R1内颗粒污泥出现解体现象,COD及TP去除能力基本不变,出水TN平均浓度升高为29.03 mg·L^-1,平均去除率降低至48.81%,脱氮性能受到抑制;R2内颗粒污泥运行稳定,出水COD、TP和TN平均浓度分别为14.31、0.50和12.24 mg·L^-1,平均去除率分别为92.42%、93.37%、86.28%,出水满足《城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准》一级A标准.采用人工配水和生活污水均能成功培养出好氧颗粒污泥,生活污水培养成熟的好氧颗粒污泥结构更密实,当温度降低至5~16℃时,能够有效抑制丝状菌的膨胀,抗冲击负荷能力强.