生物电耦合对活性炭-超滤工艺处理地表微污染水的影响机理研究

利用生物电化学系统处理地表水时，弱电压不但会刺激电活性菌的呼吸作用，而且会引起氧化胁迫导致胞外聚合物（Extracellular Polymeric Substance，EPS）过量分泌.为确认在地表水处理中弱电压对膜污染和净水效率的影响，本研究设置了外加1.0 V直流电压（记为"BES系统"）和无外加电压（记为"CK系统"）的两组平行对照生物活性炭-超滤系统.经过50 d的运行，BES系统（36.1 kPa）相比CK系统（19.1 kPa）跨膜压差（Trans Membrane Pressure，TMP）增加更为显著，膜污染更严重.电路电流、电极电势和循环伏安（Cyclic Voltammetry，CV）曲线显示，随着装置运行，两系统生物膜逐渐稳定，并且产生具有氧化还原活性的EPS导致阳极电容增加.相比之下，BES系统产生了更多EPS，具有更高的阳极电容.水质指标显示，BES系统中比紫外吸光度（Specific Ultraviolet Absorbance，SUVA）、NH₄⁺-N和PO₄^3--P的去除增强但总有机碳（Total Organic Carbon，TOC）去除减弱；三维荧光光谱（Excitation-Emission-Matrix，EEM）和尺寸排阻色谱（Size Exclusion Chromatography，SEC）分析结果表明，BES系统膜池中产生了更多的生物聚合物，但腐殖质类有机物明显减少.活性炭表面EPS含量和腺嘌呤核苷三磷酸（Adenosine Triphosphate，ATP）含量的测试结果证实，弱电压刺激了生物膜的生长，同时增加了氧化还原活性EPS的含量.对膜表面累积多糖、蛋白质含量的测试分析进一步揭示了多糖类大分子生物聚合物在膜表面的累积是导致严重膜污染的直接原因.研究可为生物电化学系统在微污染水处理的研究和应用提供新的见解.     

泸沽湖特有水生生物的保护初探

泸沽湖有水生生物 133种。本文对其种群结构、数量作了调查 ,分析了特有种水生生物结构变化原因是不合理利用 ,应通过管理措施和工程措施保护特有水生生物     

Effects of atmospheric gases on terrestrial plants and critical levels of air pollution

An integrated approach was developed to determine the critical levels of air pollution for ecological standard setting based on the unified index of biological response, by taking into account the effects of all pollution components simultaneously. An empirical model of plant productivity was taken as the dose response model for gaseous pollutant effect on the productivity of trees and the annual productivity of plants was used as the above mentioned index. The CO2 increase in the lower atmosphere was considered to potentially increase plant productivity and NO2 was estimated as neutral while being dangerous for plants as a chemical precursor of ozone or as a source of acidification. The maximum permissible chronic O3 and SO2 levels for trees were estimated and it was found that O3 is much more phytotoxic, as compared to SO2 , with a rather narrow range of permissible levels (27-33 ppb) which complicates its monitoring and control.     

Total nitrogen and community turnover determine phosphorus use efficiency of phytoplankton along nutrient gradients in plateau lakes

Numerous studies support that biodiversity predict most to ecosystem functioning, but whether other factors display a more significant direct impact on ecosystem functioning than biodiversity remains to be studied. We investigated 398 samples of the phytoplankton phosphorus resource use efficiency (RUE_P = chlorophyll-a concentration/dissolved phosphate) across two seasons in nine plateau lakes in Yunnan Province, China. We identified the main contributors to phytoplankton RUE_P and analyzed their potential influences on RUE_P at different lake trophic states. The results showed that total nitrogen (TN) contributed the most to RUE_P among the nine lakes, whereas community turnover (measured as community dissimilarity) explained the most to RUE_P variation across the two seasons. Moreover, TN also influenced RUE_P by affecting biodiversity. Species richness (SR), functional attribute diversity (FAD2), and dendrogram-based functional diversity (FDc) were positively correlated with RUE_P in both seasons, while evenness was negatively correlated with RUE_P at the end of the rainy season. We also found that the effects of biodiversity and turnover on RUE_P depended on the lake trophic states. SR and FAD2 were positively correlated with RUE_P in all three trophic states. Evenness showed a negative correlation with RUE_P at the eutrophic and oligotrophic levels, but a positive correlation at the mesotrophic level. Turnover had a negative influence on RUE_P at the eutrophic level, but a positive influence at the mesotrophic and oligotrophic levels. Overall, our results suggested that multiple factors and nutrient states need to be considered when the ecosystem functioning predictors and the biodiversity-ecosystem functioning relationships are investigated.     

混凝沉淀-水解酸化-生物吸附-UBF-接触氧化一氧化沟-吸附工艺处理聚醚多元醇废水

对聚醚多元醇废水采用混凝沉淀-水解酸化-生物吸附-UBF-接触氧化一氧化沟-吸附等进行连续处理。结果表明，该处理工艺具有废水处理效果好、出水水质稳定（出水水质达GB8978—1996中的一级标准）、操作管理方便等优点，是处理该类化工废水的有效方法之一。     

关于环境生物技术在水污染治理中的研究与应用

分析了国内外关于微生物遗传学、酶学在环境生物技术领域中的研究进展以及环境生物技术在污水治理学的开发与应用及其发展趋势，为选择实用的污水处理技术提供了参考依据。     

运用生物循环理论建立多元生物污水处理新工艺

以活性污泥法为主流工艺的现代污水处理技术,存在着工程投资大，运行费用高，管理复杂等缺点，按照生物循环基本理论要示是不完善的。多元生物污水处理是按照食物链代谢规律,运有生物循环理论，设计成微生物－植物－水生动物3个处理单元。污水中的有机物作为微生物人良料在第1单元被套氧微生物消化降解成CO2，H2O，NH^ 4,CH^-4等，除CH4作为生物能源可回收利用外，其它物质是植物的营养物质，在第2单元藻类等多种植物吸收，通过光合作用合成植物细胞，并释放氧气，在第1单元和第2单元增殖的细胞和藻类成为水生动物的食料，在第3单元被浮游动物和鱼类捕食，转化成动物蛋白，污水中的有机物在3个单元组成的生态净化系统中，被多样生物逐级利用，最终转化成植物细胞和动物蛋白，使污水得到净化，达到三级处理水平，不产生二次污 ，是一种安全的，对环境友好的污水处理新技术，在国外被誉为21世纪的新科技。该污水净化系统，按照生物循环基本理论进行工艺设计，通过生态平衡自我调控，具有工艺流程简单，投资省，运行费用低，管理简便等优点，适合我国国情，有广阔的应用前景，尤其适有于小城镇污水处理。     

Treatment of a dyeing wastewater from a woolen mill using an A/O membrane bio-reactor

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生物法净化含NO_x尾气的研究

以化纤厂废水处理曝气池的活性污泥为接种污泥 ,采用生物法处理硝酸碱吸收后的含NOx 尾气。初步研究表明 :静态、动态培养驯化挂膜后 ,可见到短杆菌属的脱氮菌 ,在进气浓度、循环液pH值、液气比等一定的条件下 ,可获得较高的脱氮效率。生物法是净化含NOx 废气的可行途径     

染化废水厌氧生物处理技术的研究

鉴于厌氧微生物对偶氮染料的还原裂解作用，开发了以易降解工业有机废水作为外加碳源的染化废水厌氧生物处理的新技术．试验结果表明：在进水ＣＯＤ３１００—３５００ｍｇ／Ｌ，ＣＯＤ总／ＣＯＤ染化比值４０，ＨＲＴ３．０ｄ下，ＣＯＤ去除率＞８０％，最低染化ＣＯＤ去除率＞４５％，色度去除率＞８５％；实验证实，在厌氧处理过程中，染料组分的结构已发生了明显的变化；反应器内的污泥大多呈颗粒状；污泥活性和工艺性能可控制工艺运行参数得以维持．