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31.
《International Journal of Sustainable Engineering》2013,6(1):75-83
Ultrafiltration membranes were prepared using cellulose acetate (CA) as a polymer, LiCl and CaCl2 as porogens and methyl-(S)-lactate as a solvent. CA, methyl lactate and the porogens used in this work are obtained from renewable resources; they are biodegradable, non-toxic and non-volatile organic compounds. Flat sheet ultrafiltration membranes were prepared by the phase inversion technique. A molecular weight cut-off between 15 and 35 kDa (polyethylene glycol) and pure water permeability between 13 and 177 litres h? 1m? 2 bar? 1 were obtained. These parameters are in the ideal range for water treatment industry. Improvement of pollutant degree and ecotoxicity of the process was evaluated by ‘green’ metrics by the P (pollutants, persistent and bioaccumulative) and E (ecotoxicity) parameters. Both of these variables were recorded as zero using our method. This study represents a step ahead towards the production of ultrafiltration polymeric membranes by a ‘greener’ process than current methods. 相似文献
32.
综述了国内外生态补偿标准的研究进展,以及生态补偿标准核算的4个主要方面。同时以洱海流域环境友好型肥料应用的田间试验为案例,比较了缓释BB肥料、有机无机肥料配合施用、习惯施肥等模式对稻田径流水氮磷削减效果,并通过作物产量、肥料成本、纯收入等因素的分析,核算出洱海流域稻田缓释BB肥料应用的最低农业生态补偿标准。 相似文献
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Chromium compounds have received considerable attention because these are used extensively in such industrial applications as electroplating, steelmaking, tanning of leather goods, and corrosion inhibition. The use of supported liquid membranes (SLMs) to remove metals from wastewaters has actively been pursued by the scientific and industrial community. In the present work, the selective separation and preconcentration of Cr(VI) ions has been studied by using a commercial amine as the membrane liquid on the porous polypropylene support. Permeation experiments were conducted on a laboratory scale batch reactor made up of perspex, with a memberane fixed amid the two chambers. The flux of Cr(VI) ions was found to be maximum (3.15?×?10?5?mol?cm?2?s?1) around pH 1. Above and below this pH the flux decreases. Distribution studies show that an increase in the amine concentration leads to higher distribution coefficients at fixed pH values. At pH around unity, the distribution of Cr(VI) ions into the organic phase was found to be maximum, of the order of 56.3. The Cr(VI) transport through the membrane increases with rise in temperature. In order to check the long-term efficiency of the flat sheet SLM, an experiment was conducted with higher Cr(VI) concentration (5000?ppm) for 24?h, at optimised parameters. It was observed that in 24?h, about 1/5th of the feed Cr(VI) is left over while the rest is transported. However, minute organic droplets were also seen in the feed and strip compartments, after 1 day. This observation suggested the loss of membrane liquid. The feasibility of preconcentration of Cr(VI) by using the proposed SLM parameters, was also studied by using the hollow fibre (HF) system. Highest enrichment factor (E.F) value was obtained for 50?mg?L?1 whereby all of the metal was transported to the stripping phase and the resulting Cr concentration was 688?mg?L?1 (E.F?=?13.8). It was observed that while treating more diluted solutions, the enrichment factor decreases. The values of E.F equal to 8.9 and 11.3 were found for initial Cr concentration of 10 and 30?mg?L?1. 相似文献
35.
The boll weevil, Anthonomus grandis Boheman was introduced from Mexico into the United States about 1892. More than three‐fourths of all insect losses to cotton in this country have been attributed to this insect, and it is generally agreed that cotton cannot be profitably grown in areas where it occurs without adequate control measures. This review summarizes the chemically oriented research conducted on this plant‐insect complex during the past seventy years with emphasis on the program conducted since 1962 at the Boll Weevil Research Laboratory. Of plant‐insect relationships, host plant resistance, feeding stimulants, plant attractants, and plant constituents are discussed. Insect‐insect relationships treated include insecticides, chemosterilants and hormones, sex attractants, and insect constituents. The development of an integrated program for the attempted eradication of this insect is also discussed. 相似文献
36.
W. A. Bruggeman D. Weber‐Fung A. Opperhuizen J. VanDerSteen A. Wijbenga O. Hutzinger 《毒物与环境化学》2013,95(4):287-296
Hydrophobicity and bioaccumulation potential of linear and cyclic polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) oligomers were estimated by reversed‐phase liquid chromatography and feeding experiments with guppies (Poecilia reticulata). PDMS concentrations in fish were determined by capillary column gas chromatography and gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry. In contrast to polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), only very small amounts of PDMS were retained by the fish after six weeks feeding. 相似文献
37.
Mechnism of treatment and remediation of synthetic Cu2+ polluted water body by membrane and electro-winning combination process was investigated.The influnce of electrolysis voltage,pH,and electrolysis time on the metal recovery efficiencies were studied.Relationship between trans-membrane pressure drop (ΔP),additions ratio,initial Cu2+ concentration on operating efficency,stability of membrane and the possibility of water reuse were also investigated.The morphology of membrane and electrodes were observed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM),the composition of suface deposits was ascertained using combined energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) and atomic absorption spectrophotometer.The results showed that using low presure reverse osmosis (LPRO),the Cu2+ concentration could increase from 20 mg/L to 100 mg/L or even higher in the concentrate solutions and permeate water conductivity could be less than 20 μS/cm.The addition of SDS can improve the Cu2+ removal efficiency,while EDTA had little side influence.In electro-reduction process,using plante electrode cell,Cu2+ concentration can be further reduced to 5 mg/L,and the average current efficiency ranged from 9% to 40%.Using 3D electrolysis treatment,Cu2+ concentration could be reduced to 0.5 mg/L with a current efficiency range 60%-70%. 相似文献
38.
吸收CO2新型混合化学吸收剂的研究 总被引:2,自引:2,他引:0
以吸收剂吸收速率和再生程度为指标,在小型实验装置台上研究了3种混合吸收剂不同配比的吸收和再生特性,以确定其吸收剂主体和添加剂的合适配比.结果表明,在甲基二乙醇胺(MDEA)中添加哌嗪(PZ),当混合吸收液CO2负荷为0 .2 mol·mol-1时,MDEA∶PZ=1∶0 .4(m∶m)混合液CO2吸收速率比MDEA∶PZ=1∶0 .2(m∶m)混合液提高了约70%.再生40 min,PZ相对浓度为0的吸收液再生程度为91 .04%,PZ相对浓度为0 .2、0 .4和0 .8时,混合吸收液的再生程度分别降低为83 .06%、77 .77%和76 .67%.综合比较,MDEA∶PZ=1∶0 .4(m∶m)是该混合吸收液合适的配比,吸收速率和再生特性都有较好改善.在10%一级胺中添加2%三级胺既能保持高吸收效率,又能略微降低再生能耗.在10%二乙醇胺(DEA)中加入2% 2-氨基-2-甲基-1-丙醇(AMP),混合液表现出DEA/AMP混合吸收剂中较好的吸收和再生特性.3种配方中,在一级胺中添加少量三级胺吸收速率最高,二级胺和少量空间位阻胺混合吸收剂的再生性能最好.而综合吸收和再生2个指标,三级胺和中量活化剂的混合液有优势. 相似文献
39.
分别以MDEA溶液和MDEA-TETA混合液为吸收剂对电厂烟气中的CO_2进行捕集.在相同的实验条件下,研究了吸收时间、吸收液浓度配比和反应温度对CO_2吸收率的影响,并对两种吸收剂的吸收效果进行对比分析.结果表明:吸收效率随着温度的升高而下降,温度低于45℃时,混胺吸收剂MDEA-TETA的吸收效率受温度的影响显著,温度高于45℃时,单一吸收剂MDEA的活化性能大幅度增强.MDEA-TETA混合液中两种胺的配比为6∶1,反应温度在25~65℃内,反应时间在5~20 min内时CO_2的吸收效果较佳,吸收率达90%以上,不同配比的混胺吸收剂的吸收效果均优于MDEA的吸收效果. 相似文献
40.
Hanqing Fan Yuxuan Huang Ngai Yin Yip 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering》2023,17(2):25