2,2’,4,4’—四溴联苯醚对2种赤潮微藻种间竞争的影响

基于Logistic种群增长模型,研究了2,2’,4,4’—四溴联苯醚(BDE-47)的亚急性毒性胁迫对不同初始接种生物量比的赤潮异弯藻(Heterosigmaakashiwo)和米氏凯伦藻(Kareniamikimotoi)种间作用的影响.结果发现:不同的初始接种生物量比影响微藻间的竞争.加入0.05、0.25 mg/LBDE-47后,对于K. mikimotoi而言,不同初始生物量比的处理组表现出高浓度组的最大环境容纳量、种群瞬时增长率均大于低浓度组(P<0.05),而H. akashiwo高浓度组的最大环境容纳量、种群瞬时增长率均小于低浓度组(P<0.05).微藻之间的竞争表现出向着对K. mikimotoi有益方向发展的规律,因此一定浓度下的BDE-47干扰了两种微藻之间的竞争.     

Spatial heterogeneity of cyanobacterial communities and genetic variation of Microcystis populations within large, shallow eutrophic lakes (Lake Taihu and Lake Chaohu, China)

Cyanobacteria, specifically Microcystis, usually form massive blooms in eutrophic freshwater lakes. Cyanobacterial samples were collected from eight sites of both Lake Taihu and Lake Chaohu in late summer to determine the diversity and distribution pattern of cyanobacteria and Microcystis in large, shallow, entropic lakes with significant spatial heterogeneity and long-term Microcystis bloom. Molecular methods based on denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis and clone library analysis were used. A similar heterogeneous distribution pattern of cyanobacteria in both lakes was observed. Most parts of these two lakes with high trophic level were dominated by Microcystis. However, in the regions with low trophic levels as well as low concentrations of chlorophyll a, Synechococcus occupied a considerable percentage. Different morphospecies and genotypes dominated the bloom-forming Microcystis populations in these two lakes. Microcystis viridis and Microcystis novacekii were dominant in Lake Chaohu, whereas Microcystis flos-aquae was dominant in Lake Taihu. Only 2 of the13 Microcystis operational taxonomic units were shared between these two lakes. Analysis of molecular variance based on 16S to 23S internal transcribed spacer sequences indicated the significant genetic differentiation of Microcystis between these two lakes (F_st = 0.19, p < 0.001). However, only 19.46% of the genetic variability was explained by the population variation between lakes, whereas most (80.54%) of the genetic variability occurred within the lakes. Phylogenetic analysis revealed no phylogeographic structure of Microcystis population in these two lakes, as illustrated by their cosmopolitan nature. Our results revealed that spatial heterogeneity within lakes has more impact on the cyanobacterial diversity than geographical isolation in a local scale.     

降雨对蓝藻水华消退影响及其机制分析

2016年5月24日至6月2日香溪河库湾经历了3次不同强度的降雨,对降雨前后库湾水流、水温、光学特性、叶绿素a浓度等因素进行分析.结果表明,5月27日中雨期间,较降雨前库湾上游来流量增加1.9倍,库湾平均混合层深度增加8.2 m;6月1日小雨期间,较降雨前库湾平均混合层深度增加1.6 m,平均叶绿素浓度降低2.02μg·L~(-1);6月2日大雨期间,较降雨前库湾上游来流量增加4倍,库湾平均混合层深度增加7.9 m,平均叶绿素浓度降低14.64μg·L~(-1).降雨导致上游来流量增加,加快了藻类的迁移;混合层深度增加破坏了藻类的生长环境,是水华消退的主要原因.降雨结束后,在2~3d适宜光照、温度条件下库湾水体水温分层恢复,藻类快速生长繁殖,导致库湾表层叶绿素a浓度回升,降雨对水华的暴发具有阶段性抑制作用.     

太湖西北湖区表层水体颗粒态有机碳含量的季节变化及其来源解析

以太湖重度蓝藻水华发生的西北湖区为研究对象,从河口到湖心区设置5个采样点,于2012年9月—2013年8月逐月采集表层水体样品,测定了水温、蓝藻生物量和总细菌丰度,并分析了颗粒态有机碳(POC)、溶解性有机碳(DOC)含量及颗粒态有机物(POM)的碳稳定同位素特征值(δ~(13)C_(POM))和碳氮比(C/N).结果表明,与DOC相比,太湖西北湖区表层水体POC含量变化范围较大,为(0.49±0.03)~(30.86±2.00)mg·L~(-1),冬季POC含量较低,春季和夏季POC含量达到最大值.降雨冲刷作用产生的悬浮物随着地表径流进入水体可能是引起汛期POC/DOC升高的重要原因.鉴于太湖水体风场影响下表层湖流作用会引起蓝藻在西北湖区堆积,5个采样点的蓝藻生物量没有显著差异.POC含量的差异仅存在于靠近陈东港的河口区S5与湖心S4之间(p0.05,n=10).蓝藻生物量与POC含量(r=0.634,n=48,p0.01)、δ~(13)C_(POM)(r=0.500,n=48,p0.01)均显著正相关,表明蓝藻是太湖西北湖区表层水体POC的来源之一.西北湖区秋、冬季δ~(13)C_(POM)显著低于春、夏季(p0.001,n=57),均值(-25.9‰±6.37‰)介于太湖δ~(13)C微囊藻(-20.9‰)和外源来源端元的碳稳定同位素特征值(-27‰)之间,表明内源和外源来源都是太湖西北湖区表层水体POC的来源,夏季表层水体POC的主要来源是内源,冬季河口区S5的主要来源是外源.POM碳氮比有显著季节变化规律,秋、冬季较春、夏季高(p0.001,n=55),平均值(9.36±2.80)较低,可能是内源来源POC及外源POC被细菌生物降解的结果.     

Evaluation and sensitivity of cyanobacteria,Nostoc muscorum and Synechococcus PCC 7942 for heavy metals stress – a step toward biosensor

This study attempted to determine the effects of heavy metals on the photosynthetic blue-green algae for their potential to use as a biosensor. The bioaccumulation of metals and its effects on pigments of Nostoc muscorum and Synechococcus PCC 7942 were assessed. The culture was grown in BG 11 liquid medium supplied with different metals like mercury (Hg), lead (Pb), and cadmium (Cd) and incubated (µM 20 concentrations) for 10 days under optimal conditions. The accumulated amounts of metals were determined by atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS). The stress effects on photosynthetic pigment chlorophyll a (Chl a) were monitored by laser-induced fluorescence (LIF). Bio-concentration factor (BCF) reached a peak in cells on the 2nd day of incubation followed by a gradual reduction. The highest reduction in the pigment concentrations (Chl a and β carotene) was observed at 20?µM?L^?1 Hg treatment. The results indicate that, cyanobacteria may serve as both potential species to be used as a biosensor and used to clean up heavy metals from contaminated water. These changes were analyzed with the long-term goal of exploiting cyanobacterial cells as biosensors.     

Differential effects of UV-B radiation fluence rates on growth,photosynthesis, and phosphate metabolism in two cyanobacteria under copper toxicity

This work was undertaken to ascertain the impact of different fluence rates of ultraviolet-B (UV-B) radiation on two cyanobacterial biofertilizers, Phormidium foveolarum and Nostoc muscorum, growing under copper toxicity. Copper (2 and 5?µmol?L^?1) and high UV-B fluence rate (UV-B_H; 1.0?µmol?m^?2?s^?1) decreased the growth, pigment content, photosynthetic oxygen yield, phosphate uptake, and acid phosphatase activity in both the strains analyzed after 24 and 72?h of experiments, and combined exposure further enhanced the toxic effects. Respiration and alkaline phosphatase activities were stimulated appreciably. The damaging effect was shown on the order on pigments: phycocyanin?>?chlorophyll a?>?carotenoids, and on photosystems: whole chain photosynthetic reaction?>?photosystem II?>?photosystem I. Partial recovery in the photosystem II activity in the presence of artificial electron donors; diphenyl carbazide (DPC), hydroxylamine (NH₂OH), and manganese chloride (MnCl₂) pointed out the interruption of electron flow on the oxidation side of photosystem II. Unlike UV-B_H, low UV-B fluence rate (UV-B_L; 0.1?µmol?m^?2?s^?1), rather than causing damaging effect partially, alleviated the toxic effects of Cu. This study suggests that the cyanobacterium P. foveolarum is less sensitive against UV-B_H and excess Cu (2 and 5?µmol?L^?1), thus P. foveolarum may be used as a biofertilizer for sustainable agriculture.     

Comparison of four methods for the extraction of lipopolysaccharide from cyanobacteria

Four procedures were compared for the extraction of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) from 10 laboratory strains of cyanobacteria. LPS yields as a percentage of cyanobacterial dry weight ranged from 0.03 to 6.13. The heterotrophic bacterial LPS marker 2-keto-3-deoxyoctonoic (KDO) acid was not detectable in any of the cyanobacterial LPS preparations. All methods yielded LPS that contained biologically- and toxicologically-significant quantities of the cyanotoxin microcystin, when applied to some, but not all, microcystin-producing cyanobacterial strains. Of the four methods used, a procedure including Proteinase K, plus RNase and DNase, performed best overall on the basis of minimum time required, higher percentage yields of LPS, and minimal co-extraction of microcystin.     

γ-射线辐照对太湖原水中越冬蓝藻复苏的抑制

采用60Co衰变产生的γ-射线辐照太湖原水,研究其对水中越冬蓝藻复苏的抑制,分析不同吸收剂量和添加物(甲醇、碳酸钠)对抑制效果的影响.结果表明,γ-射线辐照能有效抑制太湖水中越冬蓝藻的复苏,吸收剂量越大,抑制蓝藻复苏的效果越好.吸收剂量为5kGy的水样,培养40d,水中叶绿素a(Chl-a)、叶绿素b(Chl-b)和藻蓝素(PC)含量分别为对照样的8.66%、16.8%和17.2%,抑制了越冬蓝藻的复苏.0.5%甲醇和0.22mmol/LNa2CO3添加物抑制了辐照过程,与不含添加物水样相比,相同吸收剂量下,相同培养时间内,含添加物水样中Chl-a、Chl-b和PC浓度较高.     

太湖蓝藻水华灾害程度评价方法

通过对太湖蓝藻水华灾害分析,借鉴赤潮灾害评价指标,采取蓝藻水华面积和Chla浓度作为灾害程度分级评价指标,应用层次分析法确定权重,结合隶属度函数,采用模糊综合评价建立太湖蓝藻水华灾度分级评价方法,定量描述蓝藻水华灾害程度.结合2008年太湖蓝藻水华灾害事件对该方法进行验证.结果表明,2008年太湖蓝藻水华灾害规模主要为小型、中型和大型,无重大和特大蓝藻水华灾害发生;其中小型蓝藻水华灾害在各月都有分布,中型和大型蓝藻水华灾害主要分布在5月和7~9月.评价结果表明该方法具有一定的科学性和适用性.     

蓝藻越冬期湖湾沉积物磷吸附特征和释放风险

越冬过程是蓝藻暴发的前置阶段,该时期沉积物内源磷是蓝藻水华发生的主要磷源之一.在调查藻型湖湾蓝藻越冬两个时期(休眠期和复苏期)水质和沉积物污染物指标的基础上,进一步分析了水平和垂直方向上沉积物磷吸附特征,阐明沉积物磷释放风险及微生物群落结构变化.结果表明,研究区域两个时期湖湾基本为中度富营养水平,并且水质和沉积物氮磷污...