灭藻剂研究之JS灭藻剂

湖泊爆发蓝藻水华,制约了沿湖经济发展。通过大量研制、试验,研制出JS灭藻剂,试验证明蓝藻水华喷洒JS灭藻剂溶液后,迅速解体下沉,不再上浮至水面,水体清澈,臭味和微囊藻毒素得到较好消除,同时水中原有动植物未见明显影响。     

光辅助下TiO2-蒙脱土复合材料抑杀蓝藻

以TiCl4和钠基蒙脱土为原料,采用水解法制备了TiO2-蒙脱土复合材料,采用XRD、IR和TEM对其结构和性质进行表征;通过藻细胞的内含物含量、生长代谢活性和形态的变化以及藻细胞膜脂质过氧化分析,研究了TiO2-蒙脱土复合材料在光辅助下去除颤藻的性能.结果表明,TiO2-蒙脱土复合材料中一部分TiO2插入蒙脱层间,增加了蒙脱土的层间距,另一部分以锐钛矿相均匀分散在蒙脱土上;在紫外光辅助下,TiO2-蒙脱土的用量为50.0 mg/L,lh后颤藻的除藻率可达94.58％;TiO2-蒙脱土通过光催化作用破坏藻细胞膜、降解藻细胞内含物、降低藻细胞代谢活性和破坏藻细胞形态,从而产生抑藻作用.     

基于景区湖泊污染的多功能水域清理船设计

针对我国城市景区湖泊富营养化和垃圾污染严重,传统景区水域清理存在各种不足等问题,设计研发多功能水域清理船灭杀蓝藻和清理垃圾,恢复景区湖泊生态环境。结合景区湖泊污染实际状况,提出把臭氧灭杀蓝藻应用于景区湖泊清理的新概念,研发一艘可无线遥控、集打捞垃圾、过滤小型悬浮微粒和灭杀蓝藻功能于一体的多功能水域清理船。通过无线遥控多功能水域清理船,能全面清理湖面垃圾,过滤小型悬浮微粒,臭氧灭杀率能达到90%以上。利用多功能水域清理船能维护景区小湖泊生态环境,在各类景观水体和小型湖泊的污染治理中具有很好的应用前景。     

3S技术在太湖富营养化和蓝藻水华分布规律中的应用研究

应用3S技术,采用营养状态指数法、蓝藻水华分级评价方法以及蓝藻水华发生频率分析方法,对2010—2013年太湖富营养化状况和太湖蓝藻水华时空分布规律进行分析和研究,以期为太湖富营养化控制和蓝藻水华预警、监控工作提供技术支持,同时为太湖水环境治理提供科学依据。实践证明,3S技术能快速、全面、直观地反映太湖富营养化状况和蓝藻水华时空分布规律。结果表明:(1)2010—2013年太湖处于轻度富营养状态,太湖富营养化呈现西北高、东南低的分布规律;(2)2010—2013年,全太湖小型蓝藻水华发生次数最多,蓝藻水华级别越高,发生次数越少;(3)年际变化上,蓝藻水华发生次数总体趋于平稳,蓝藻水华发生呈现"小型多发、中大型少发、重大型偶发"趋势,蓝藻水华发生规模呈显著缩小趋势;(4)月际变化上,8月和9月是太湖蓝藻水华的高发月份,9月蓝藻水华发生规模最大;(5)空间变化上,太湖西部沿岸是太湖蓝藻水华首次爆发最频繁的水域,太湖西部沿岸区尤其宜兴沿岸是蓝藻水华爆发频率最高的水域。     

应用MODIS监测太湖蓝藻水华时空分布特征

利用波段比值算法对经几何校正和大气矫正后的MODIS/Terra L 1B数据进行处理，获取了2004～2010年天气晴好条件下太湖及各分湖区蓝藻水华的面积与时空分布，并在此基础上对太湖蓝藻水华的时空变化特征进行了分析。结果表明：2004～2010年太湖地区共暴发蓝藻水华539次；2004～2007年太湖蓝藻水华首次暴发时间逐年提前，暴发频次逐年增加，2007～2010年太湖蓝藻水华首次暴发时间逐年推迟，暴发频次逐年减少；2004～2010年3～8月份蓝藻水华暴发次数有增加的趋势，8～12月份蓝藻水华暴发次数有减小的趋势；2004～2010年太湖蓝藻水华主要发生在北部和西部湖区，东部和南部湖区发生次数较少，各分湖区蓝藻水华暴发概率大小的顺序为：西部沿岸>大太湖>梅梁湾>南部沿岸>竺山湖>贡湖     

太湖蓝藻水华预警监测技术体系的探讨

太湖蓝藻水华已经成为一个社会和政府共同关注的环境问题.为确保太湖地区饮水安全,提高政府应对蓝藻水华的能力,对太湖水源地蓝藻进行预警监测是判断蓝藻水华发展趋势以及制定相应的对策的重要手段.文章分析了蓝藻水华暴发的过程和蓝藻水华的监测技术,结合政府部门的实际,提出了太湖引用水源地蓝藻水华预警监测体系,对整个太湖地区乃至全国富营养化水体的水质预警具有重要的参考价值.     

Physiological effects of tetracycline antibiotic pollutants on non-target aquatic Microcystis aeruginosa

This study aimed to evaluate the aquatic toxicity of three typical tetracycline antibiotics, including tetracycline, oxytetracycline, and chlortetracycline, on the cyanobacterium Microcystis aeruginosa. The cell density, chlorophyll a content, protein content, and enzymatic antioxidant activities were determined. The results showed that the cell growth was significantly inhibited by the three compounds at a low concentration. The chlorophyll a and protein content decreased significantly after exposure to 0.05 mg L^?1 of each compound for 9 d. When exposed to 0.2–1 mg L^?1 of tetracycline, the superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity increased, but peroxidase (POD) and catalase (CAT) activities decreased. In contrast, when exposed to oxytetracycline and chlortetracycline at different concentrations ranging from 0.2 to 1 mg L^?1 and from 0.01 to 0.05 mg L^?1, the SOD activity decreased, but the POD and CAT activities increased. These findings indicate that tetracycline antibiotics influence cell growth and protein synthesis, and they also induce oxidative stress in M. aeruginosa at environmentally similar concentrations. Thus, this study may provide further insights into the toxic effects of tetracycline antibiotics and the controlled use of antibiotics.     

太湖蓝藻预警监测遥感自动解译系统研究

针对太湖蓝藻遥感监测自动化、智能化等业务需求,研究了太湖蓝藻遥感自动解译系统的总体架构、功能模块等。系统包括遥感数据接收子系统、蓝藻遥感解译子系统和海量遥感数据管理子系统,可实现从数据接收到报告编制全流程自动化处理。     

Organic matter produced by algae and cyanobacteria: Quantitative and qualitative characterization

This work aims at characterizing organic matter produced by an alga Euglena gracilis and a cyanobacteria Microcystis aeruginosa and assessing the evolution of its characteristics during growth. A culture medium was optimized. The species growth phases were monitored using both visible spectrophotometry and flow cytometry cell counting. Organic matter fractionation according to hydrophobicity and specific UV absorbance (SUVA) index were used to specifically characterize the produced algal organic matter (AOM). The AOM characteristics were both growth phase and species dependent. However, a similar evolution was observed. The hydrophilic fraction (HPI) was the major fraction whatever the growth phases and was almost the only one produced during lag and exponential phases. It represented around 75% of AOM during exponential phase and then decreased when the stationary phase appeared. It represented 46% and 60% of the AOM during late decline phase for the cyanobacteria and the alga respectively. The hydrophobic (HPO) and transphilic (TPH) fractions started to appear from the beginning of the stationary phase with more hydrophobic compounds coming from intracellular organic material of dying cells. HPO and TPH percentages still increased during the decline phase probably because of two additional processes: photo-dissolution and leaching of particulate organic matter from cells fragments. A comparison of AOM during late decline phase and natural organic matter (NOM) from Glane River (France) underlined that AOM was more hydrophilic and presented a lower SUVA for each fractions than NOM. However, the difference between NOM and AOM hydrophobicity narrowed during decline phase.     

淡水水体中微囊藻毒素的监测技术

随着水体富营养化的日益加剧 ,有毒蓝藻水华在世界范围内频繁发生。有毒蓝藻产生的毒素对人类和动物有潜在的危害 ,迫切要求对水体中特别是饮用水源中的蓝藻毒素进行监测。微囊藻毒素是蓝藻产生的一类环状七肽 ,可以抑制蛋白磷酸酶 1和 2 A。微量微囊藻毒素还促进肿瘤的发生。简要介绍了近年来发展起来的几类微囊藻毒素监测技术 ,以期引起有关部门的重视