Safety of stationary grinding machines – impact resistance of work zone enclosures

Guards on machine tools are intended to protect persons from being injured by parts ejected with high kinetic energy from the work zone of the machine. Stationary grinding machines are a typical example. Generally such machines are provided with abrasive product guards closely enveloping the grinding wheel. However, many machining tasks do not allow the use of abrasive product guards. In such cases, the work zone enclosure has to be dimensioned so that, in case of failure, grinding wheel fragments remain inside the machine’s working zone. To obtain data for the dimensioning of work zone enclosures on stationary grinding machines, which must be operated without an abrasive product guard, burst tests were conducted with vitrified grinding wheels. The studies show that, contrary to widely held opinion, narrower grinding wheels can be more critical concerning the impact resistance than wider wheels although their fragment energy is smaller.     

深井厚煤层大巷孤立煤体冲击危险性评价研究*

为了探究大采深条件下厚煤层大巷孤立煤体频繁发生冲击地压的原因,以梁宝寺煤矿35000采区为工程背景,采取现场实践、数值模拟等方法分析不同采深、煤厚、大巷间距等因素对大巷孤立煤体冲击地压的影响,提出深井厚煤层大巷孤立煤体冲击地压的危险性评价方法。研究结果表明:大巷孤立煤体的采深与垂直应力峰值呈正相关,采深1 200 m时煤体的垂直应力峰值是采深500 m时的3倍左右;大巷孤立煤体随着煤层厚度的增加,其应力集中程度不断升高,且应力峰值向煤体弹性承载区转移;大巷间距越小,孤立煤体弹性承载区应力越集中,发生冲击地压可能性越高;包含开采影响因素和煤层冲击倾向性的大巷孤立煤体冲击危险性评价方法符合现场实际情况,可为大巷孤立煤体冲击危险性评价提供1种思路。     

煤矿井下瓦斯突出危险性的模糊分析

基于模糊可能性理论建立了瓦斯突出危险性函数。应用模糊多元分析方法建立了瓦斯突出危险性分析模型,通过对各类确定与非确定信息的模糊综合分析,预测煤矿开采过程中瓦斯突出的危险性,并在生产中应用该模型取得了较好的效果。     

白云岩单轴压缩试验声发射特性研究

在单轴压缩条件下,进行白云岩破坏全过程的声发射试验研究,得到应力、声发射特性与时间的关系,并研究了岩体的Kaiser效应。结果表明:（1）岩石单轴压缩破坏过程中并不是所有试验岩样有具有典型的声发射特征阶段,部分岩样AE曲线中可以找到Kaiser效应特征点,但是多数岩样的Kaiser效应特征点不明显;（2）岩样的AE现象在应力达到峰值前会经过一个平静期,而在岩石发生破坏直至彻底破坏阶段,AE现象明显增加,这个先平静后剧增的过程可以作为预报岩爆发生的一种警示信号;（3）大多数岩样都在AE能量达到最大时发生彻底破坏。     

Analysis on rock burst danger when fully-mechanized caving coal face passed fault with deep mining

When fully-mechanized caving face passed fault, rock burst accidence easily occurred. The SOS microseism monitoring system was applied to monitor the microseismic activities all time occurred in the coal and rock mass near the fault area. Variation features of microseismic energy releasing and microseismic frequency were analyzed. Numerical simulation method was used to research the abutment stress distribution when coal face passed fault, which was compared with microseism occurrence rules. When the coal face approached to fault, the abutment stress increases gradually, so the high stress would accumulate near the fault region. When the coal face left fault, the abutment stress decreased. The SOS microseism monitoring results showed that microseismic activity in the fault area had a high instability. When the coal face neared to the fault, total energy value and frequency released by the microseism steadily increased. The maximum energy peak value also had the tendency to rapidly increase. Before the strong shock occurred, there was a period of weak seismic activity. The weak seismic activity showed energy accumulation for strong shock, which can be used to forecast the danger of rock burst.     

薄壁圆柱壳初始爆破强度的可靠度分析

充分考虑固体火箭发动机壳体的结构特点,建立用中径公式预测其初始爆破强度的方法,对固体火箭发动机壳体爆破强度的可靠度进行了探索。研究表明:①固体火箭发动机壳体实际初始爆破强度与中径公式的名义值之比是符合正态分布的随机变量;②借助于钢制薄壁内压容器的爆破试验数据,在置信度为99%时,得到了该随机变量的分布参数;③应用强度-载荷干涉模型,推导得到了固体火箭发动机壳体爆破强度的可靠度指标计算公式;④固体火箭发动机壳体的可靠度在一定范围内变动。     

基于微地震监测的华丰煤矿深孔爆破防冲技术

为提高深孔爆破措施对防治华丰煤矿冲击地压的有效性,采用微地震监测技术连续监测其1410工作面围岩破裂情况。根据采场附近岩层"破裂-应力"对应关系,得到工作面前方、侧向及垂直方向上的支承压力峰值区,由此确定深孔爆破卸压的具体参数。结果表明:卸压孔深40 m(倾向投影为4倍采高)时,爆破对煤岩的整体性破坏明显,煤岩体中积聚的弹性能得到释放。监测期间共释放能量9.47 MJ,高应力区向煤岩深部转移,采场附近形成一定的卸载区域,减弱或消除了煤岩体的冲击危险性。     

电站锅炉管件失效泄漏原因分析

火力发电厂管件失效泄漏是频发事故,严重影响机组的安全、经济运行。以某发电厂后墙省煤器和低温再热器管子失效泄漏事故为例,通过对失效泄漏的管件进行宏观形貌分析、金相分析和强度分析,论证了泄漏事故的原因是由于腐蚀和钢管固有缺陷导致低温再热器高温段弯管外侧发生泄漏,泄漏的高速流体冲刷、气蚀导致后隔墙省煤器发生泄漏,进而对低温再热器反冲刷,加剧泄漏事故的恶化。最后提出更换失效管件,加强金属监督,尽量扩大防磨防爆检查范围,对易被气流磨损、冲刷部位进行防磨喷涂或加装防磨罩。     

南李庄铁矿富含水段施工技术研究

大水基建矿山的井筒掘砌是一项艰巨的工程,尤其富含水且岩层松软破碎段更给施工带来了很多危险和不确定因素。怎样保证工程顺利进行,成为基建矿山面临的一个主要问题。国控矿业南李庄铁矿下掘至岩层破碎富含水段时,采用长探长注及超前小导管注浆的施工技术顺利通过此段。此施工技术确定了探注孔数及其布置,探注深度和下掘深度,注浆参数的控制,注浆过程控制,超前小导管施工的各项参数,小导管的加固方法等。通过长探长注及小导管的施工保证了下掘工作的顺利进行。     

巨厚砾岩作用下底板冲击地压诱发机理及过程

以千秋煤矿21141工作面下巷冲击地压发生的地质和采掘情况为基础,建立煤层巷道底板冲击地压诱发机理模型。水平应力的大小是影响巷道底板岩层稳定性的最主要因素,并确定最大水平应力的计算方法。采场上覆巨厚砾岩层断裂所产生的动载扰动能使巷道底板水平应力瞬间积聚升高。数值模拟分析得出,随着动载应力和加载时间的增加,巷道底板变形量、变形速度和加速度都明显的大幅度增加;同时巷道围岩塑性区也逐渐扩大。研究表明采场上覆巨厚砾岩层断裂、垮落对煤层巷道所产生的动载扰动会诱发规模较大的冲击地压,巷道底板由于缺少有效支护会成为冲击破坏的突破口。