300MW机组锅炉屏式过热器爆管原因分析

某电厂300MW机组锅炉在投产运行仅仅13260小时便发生了屏式过热器爆管事故,经初步分析该不锈钢管弯管是由于固溶化处理不当,在残余应力、热应力及氟离子等共同作用下,在奥氏体晶界薄弱处产生晶间腐蚀微裂纹,继而不断发展并最终造成爆管事故的发生。建议加强原材料验收检验及规范锅炉运行操作规程,以最大限度减少此类事故的发生。     

基于钻杆推力法结合钻杆位移预测围岩应力的研究

为准确预测矿井冲击地压的发生规律,基于钻杆推力法结合钻杆位移理论,建立钻杆力学模型,利用新型钻削设备,结合钻削采集测试试验。根据试验数据绘出在不同围压轴压下推力、位移随时间的变化曲线,对应力变化进行预测。根据建立动力学模型及公式推导进而得出预测冲击地压的规律,通过测试钻杆推力估算煤体应力的大小,进而预测冲击地压的危险性。研究结果为煤矿动力灾害预测预报提供一定的理论与实验基础。     

深部开采钻孔校验中钻进速度对钻杆转速影响的试验研究

通过对钻孔过程中的钻头破煤机理及影响钻杆转速变化的因素进行理论分析,提出了钻进速度与钻杆转速的对应变化关系,并利用钻进装置、加载装置及自主研制的钻孔多参量测试装置进行试验分析,验证了利用钻杆转速法测定煤体应力大小的可行性,同时对不同钻进速度下钻杆转速的变化规律进行研究。结果表明:在钻头、钻杆、煤岩体参数及钻孔前钻杆空转转速一定时,钻杆转速与钻进速度大致呈现负指数的函数关系,钻进速度越小,钻杆转速越大,反之,钻杆转速越小。研究钻进速度对钻杆转速的影响,可以减少利用转速指标对冲击地压等动力灾害的预测误差,实现高效预警。     

高压水射流卸压防治复合动力灾害机理及应用

为研究高压水射流卸压防治复合动力灾害的可行性,以余吾煤业高瓦斯矿井东翼采区内首采N2105工作面工程地质条件为背景,通过现场调研、理论分析、数值模拟和工业性试验等方法,对N2105进风平巷两帮采取高压水射流卸压防治效果进行了研究。结果表明:对巷帮煤体采取高压水射流卸压技术,煤体在高压水射流的冲击力和扰动应力波共同作用下瞬间发生破坏;巷帮侧支承应力分布曲线由原有的“单高峰值”转变为“内低外高双峰值”,受以上支承应力变化的影响,底板煤岩体内难以形成范围较大且连续的塑性应力状态区;现场电磁辐射和矿压监测结果表明高压水射流技术对煤层卸压增透效果显著,降低了巷道发生复合动力灾害的可能性。研究结果可为同类矿井复合动力灾害的防治提供参考和借鉴。     

五老峰隧道岩爆声发射参数特征研究

为研究岩爆事件的声发射特征,为岩爆灾害的进一步监测预警提供依据,对五老峰隧道掌子面附近区域岩爆事件进行声发射监测,以RA均值作为主要参数,研究岩爆发生前后的参数变化规律,并通过与b值等参数分析结果的相互印证,对比岩爆信号与爆破震动信号之间的区别。试验结果表明:不同传感器因为布设位置、耦合程度的差异,接收到的声发射信号数量与参数分布范围存在较大差异;RA均值作为参数分析依据,能够较好地反映岩爆事件的孕育发展过程,且能够一定程度上消除传感器接收信号数量差异的影响,更稳定地反映岩爆事件的信号特征;岩爆事件发生前RA均值与事件密度不断升高,峰值后则都迅速降低,而爆破产生的声发射信号则在RA值上存在一定突变性,且峰值后仍保持较高水平。本次监测中,共发生1次微型岩爆,而在左洞爆破后,声发射信号明显增多,但并未产生显著破裂事件。     

浅谈突发溢油事件应急处置技术及装置的应用

概述了海洋溢油应急处置的技术方法,分析了溢油应急处置装置设备的应用特点,为海洋溢油应急处置工作提供理论依据。     

Consequence analysis by means of characteristic curves to determine the damage to buildings from bursting spherical vessels

Since the damage suffered by buildings as a consequence of explosions usually affect the people inside them, it is important to take it into account when performing consequence analysis. The aim of this paper is to provide a methodology to estimate consequences to buildings from pressure waves produced by spherical vessel burst. This is done by combining characteristic overpressure–impulse–distance curves [González Ferradás, E., Diaz Alonso, F., Sanchez Perez, J.F., Miñana Aznar, A., Ruiz Gimeno, J. and Martinez Alonso, J., 2006, Characteristic overpressure–impulse–distance curves for vessel burst, Process Safety Progress, 25(3): 250–254] with PROBIT equations. The main advantage of this methodology is that it allows an overview of all the magnitudes involved, as damage is shown in the same graph as the overpressure, impulse and distance. In this paper diagrams and equations are presented to determine minor damage to buildings (broken windows, displacement of doors and window frames, tile displacement, etc.), major structural damage (cracks in walls, collapse of some walls) and collapse (the damage is so extensive that the building is partially or totally demolished).     

香烟气相物质引发的脂质过氧化与粒细胞呼吸爆发关系的ESR研究

香烟气相物质和空气都能使卵磷脂脂质体发生脂质过氧化.用ESR自旋捕集技术,以DMPO为捕捉剂,研究这种过氧化的脂质体对大鼠腹腔粒细胞(RPG)呼吸爆发的影响.结果表明,一定过氧化程度的脂质可增加促癌剂PMA刺激RPG产生的O_2~-.脂浓度为0.5mg/ml时,这种作用随充烟量的增加先不断增强,30s左右达最大值,然后又逐渐减小.空气引发的脂质过氧化对RPG呼吸爆发有相似的作用.     

Vent burst pressure effects on vented gas explosion reduced pressure

The overpressure generated in a 10 L cylindrical vented vessel with an L/D of 2.8 was investigated, with end ignition opposite the vent, as a function of the vent static burst pressure, P_stat, from 35 to 450 mb. Three different K_v (V^2/3/A_v) of 3.6, 7.2 and 21.7 were investigated for 10% methane–air and 7.5% ethylene–air. It was shown that the dynamic burst pressure, P_burst, was higher than P_stat with a proportionality constant of 1.37. For 10% methane–air P_burst was the controlling peak pressure for K <∼8. This was contrary to the assumption that P_red > P_burst in the literature and in EU and US standards. For higher K_v the overpressure due to flow through the vent, P_fv, was the dominant overpressure and the static burst pressure was not additive to the external overpressure. Literature on the influence of P_stat at low K_v was shown to support the present finding and it is recommended that the influence of P_stat in gas venting standards is revised.     

超临界锅炉过（再）热器氧化皮剥落分析

目前,我国新投产的火力发电机组容量大、参数高,超,瞄界和超超,瞄界机组已经成为我国的主力发电机组。随着机组参数的提高,锅炉过（再）热器管蒸汽侧氧化成为影响发电机组安全经济运行的主要因素之一。本文研究了超临界电站锅炉过（再）热器管氧化皮的形成原理和规律,分析了氧化皮的剥落模式及机理,探讨了氧化皮剥落的影响因素,并提出了控制氧化皮形成和剥落的对策,研究结果可对电厂氧化皮剥落问题提供指导作用。