厦门西港海水质量对鱼卵胚胎发育畸形率的影响

以养殖场培育的花尾胡椒鲷受精卵为实验材料测试了厦门西域5个站位的表层水水样对花尾胡椒鲷受精卵的胚胎发育毒性，并运用GC－MS手段分析了水样中的美国EPA优控的16PAHs组分的含量。结果表明：3号站位（厦门市工业和生活污水主要排放口的外侧）和4号站位（厦门西港的港区）的水样对鱼卵的胚胎发育的毒性最强。8号站位（位于主航道并濒临嵩屿电厂）的水样对鱼卵胚胎发良的毒性次之，1号站位（湾口）和5号站位（内港）的水样对鱼卵的胚胎发育的毒性较小。水样中的PAHs含量分析结果表明，仅用水样中的PAHs含量不能全面地反映水样对鱼卵胚胎发育的毒性。最后，对本实验方法应用于海洋环境生物监测的有效性进行了探讨。     

Acid resistance of methanogenic bacteria in a two-stage anaerobic process treating high concentration methanol Wastewater

In this study, the two-stage upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) system and batch experiments were employed to evaluate the performance of anaerobic digestion for the treatment of high concentration methanol wastewater. The acid resistance of granular sludge and methanogenic bacteria and their metabolizing activity were investigated. The results show that the pH of the first UASB changed from 4.9 to 5.8 and 5.5 to 6.2 for the second reactor. Apparently, these were not the advisable pH levels that common methanogenic bacteria could accept. The methanogenic bacteria of the system, viz. Methanosarcina barkeri, had some acid resistance and could still degrade methanol at pH 5.0. If the methanogenic bacteria were trained further, their acid resistance would be improved somewhat. Granular sludge of the system could protect the methanogenic bacteria within its body against the impact of the acidic environment and make them degrade methanol at pH 4.5. The performance of granular sludge was attributed to its structure, bacteria species, and the distribution of bacterium inside the granule. Translated from Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae, 2004, 24(4): 633–636 [译自: 环境科学学报]     

高校校园文化建设的几点思考

高校校园文化作为一种特殊的亚文化，存在于社会文化之中，它在高校师生的校园生活中发挥着重要的作用。建设良好、健康的校园文化是高校为社会培养合格人才、优秀人才的客观需要。本文阐述了校园文化的含义，分析了校园文化的重要性，并对所在地区几所高校进行调研，浅析了当前高校校园文化现状，提出了几点校园文化建设的建议。     

Exclusion of chromosomal mosaicism in amniotic fluid cultures: Efficacy of in situ versus flask techniques

Accurate diagnosis of mosaicism in amniotic fluid cell cultures represents a major problem. If insufficient cells are analysed, true fetal mosaicism may go undetected. False-positive diagnosis is also possible since a second cell line may arise in vitro and not reflect the true fetal genetic constitution. These difficulties apply to both flask and in situ culture techniques, to varying degrees. The relative accuracy of flask versus in situ culture techniques in excluding mosaicism was determined by statistical analysis of experimental data from ten pairs of mixed male-female amniotic fluid specimens. The data support the idea that the majority of in situ colonies are independent of one another. The following conclusions are drawn: (1) analysis of a single metaphase from a number of different colonies enhances the confidence for excluding mosaicism; (2) analysis of more than one cell per colony offers little advantage; (3) exclusion of a given level of mosaicism requires analysis of fewer metaphases using the in situ method; (4) the confidence for excluding mosaicism is high with both in situ and flask techniques, using the provided guidelines; and (5) it is shown that the two-stage approach used by many laboratories is currently the most efficient way to exclude mosaicism.     

海洋赤潮毒素对鱼类的毒害

介绍了上前产生鱼毒素（ｉｃｈｔｈｙｏｔｏｘｉｎ）的主要海洋藻类,现有的研究结果表明：鱼毒素主要包括：麻痹性贝毒（ＰＳＰ）、短裸甲藻毒素（ＢＴＸ）、溶血性毒素（ｈｅｍｏｌｙｔｉｃ ｔｏｘｉｎ）、细胞性毒素（ｃｙｔｏｔｏｘｉｎ）和氨等。１９９７年底在南海东部海域及１９９８年春在珠江口和香港海域爆发的大规模赤潮即为能产生鱼毒素的球状棕囊藻（Ｐｈａｅｏｃｙｓｔｉｓｃｆ．ｇｌｏｂｏｓａ）和米氏裸甲藻（Ｇｙｍ     

我国4种重要海水经济鱼类热忍受研究

为了探明我国重要海水经济鱼类的热忍受能力,分别采用急性升温和缓慢升温两种方法对大黄鱼Pseudosciaena crocea、鲈鱼Lateolabrax joponicus、真鲷Pagrosomus major、黑鲷Sparus macrocephalus进行了室内热效应模拟实验.研究结果表明:在夏季自然起始水温为28.5℃条件下,大黄鱼,鲈鱼和黑鲷的急性升温半致死温度(LT50)分别为34.2,33.9和36.4℃;大黄鱼,鲈鱼,真鲷和黑鲷的临界热最大值(critical thermal maxima,CTmax)分别为35.0,34.7,32.7和36.8℃.     

浅析环保思想在企业CI战略中的应用和作用

随着我国社会主义市场经济体制的确立，以市场战略为导向的CI逐步在中国兴起。文中分析了环保思想在企业口战略中的应用和作用。     

南方山丘水库种草养鱼防淤减积综合利用的研究

在长沙县百倍冲水库进行多年的试验研究结果表明,开发利用库内长期荒芜的大片消落区种植黑麦草;荒山堤坝上种植扁穗牛鞭草、岸杂一号狗牙根、皇草、幼林间种植鸡脚草、拉丁鲁白三叶等饲草配套养鱼和防止水土流失、防淤减积试验获得成功。库内鲜鱼产量由种草前常年1000kg提高到7000～8000kg,泥砂淤积量每年减少0.516×104m3,经济生态效益显著。     

甘蔗糖蜜酒精废液培养食用菌丝的研究

以甘蔗糖蜜酒废液作为唯一原料对多种食用菌丝进行培养比较，筛选出最适于废液生长的菌种--灵芝菌，并研究了种龄、温度、pH值等对菌丝生长的影响。在不需添加其它营养物质的情况下，培养周期力为4d，菌丝得率达1.1g/100ml。废液的糖浓度从2.1g/100ml降到0.5g/100ml，COD除去率为39％左右。     

白洋淀水体、底泥及鲫鱼体内DDT、BHC污染状况研究

对白洋淀水体、底泥及鲫鱼肌肉中的ＤＤＴ及其衍生物和ＢＨＣ的残留量进行了测定研究，分别给出含量范围．研究表明，鱼体肌肉中ＢＨＣ的４种异构体的含量顺序（δ＞α＞γ＞β）与其在水和底泥中的含量顺序（α＞γ＞δ＞β）略有不同．鱼体肌肉中ＤＤＴ主要以代谢物Ｐ，Ｐ′ＤＤＥ形式存在．两种农药的污染具有明显的地域差异，位于府河入淀口及村庄附近的水体、底泥及鱼体肌肉中ＤＤＴ及其衍生物，ＢＨＣ含量较高，与１９７５—１９７７年检测结果相比，鲫鱼肌肉中ＤＤＴ及其衍生物残留量下降了５４２％，ＢＨＣ下降了８６９％．