施工中人因差错调查

人因差错是造成建筑工程施工事故的主要原因之一。目前国内建筑行业由于实际施工操作人员大多是农民工,对他们的技术培训常常是不够的,再加上部分施工企业管理水平较低,造成在施工中人因差错屡屡发生。要研究施工中人因差错发生的规律及其影响,首先必须对施工中的人因差错进行有效的调查。在重点介绍直接调查法和问卷调查法的含义、操作要点、优缺点与相应措施的基础上,笔者通过案例分析,探讨了在实际调查工作中如何有效地运用这些调查方法,获得人因差错真实准确的数据资料,为研究施工中人因差错发生的规律及其影响打好基础。最后以调查得到的混凝土施工中人因差错发生与影响的一些规律为依据,笔者提出了有关人因差错建模的建议。     

陕西省地质灾害预报实例分析及模式探讨

陕西省是我国地质灾害较严重的省份之一，利用数理统计方法，分析了2001～2005年陕西省发生的地质灾害成功预报实例的时空分布、类型规模等若干规律，并进一步讨论了地质灾害成功预报的原因。在此基础上，提出了陕西省地质灾害成功预报的3种模式以及提高成功预报水平的对策措施。     

高等级县乡道事故特征分析及对策研究

越来越多的县市修建了等级较高的县乡道,分析高等级县乡道事故多发的共性,对其事故特征研究及治理对策有重要意义。笔者在对我国高等级县乡道道路特征进行详细分析的基础上,将高等级县乡道上的事故黑点分为3类。采用理论分析和实际案例相结合的方法分别对3类事故黑点进行了详细的事故特征分析,并提出了相应的治理对策,进行了经济评价。最后,概括总结了高等级县乡道的治理对策,该对策措施对于高等级县乡道的安全管理工作具有借鉴作用。     

Corporate social responsibility, partnerships, and institutional change: The case of mining companies in South Africa

Internationally and in South Africa, mining companies are increasingly referring to corporate social responsibility (CSR) and partnerships in terms of the business case, or the expectation that being responsible and collaborating with stakeholders is good for profits. Based on a case study of platinum and chrome mining in South Africa, this article argues that the business case is circumscribed by companies’ institutional context. In the past, mining companies’ dominant interpretation of CSR has been in terms of charitable donations and support to good causes. These efforts have not alleviated the contribution of mining companies to growing social problems around the mines, primarily because they have not impacted on core business practices and have not contributed to necessary cross‐sectoral collaboration. Recently, however, there has been an important transition involving the broadening of the interpretation of CSR and increasing commitment to these issues amongst corporate leadership. Though market‐based incentives have contributed to this, the key driver has been the State's legislated transformation programme premised on State sovereignty over mineral resources. Hence, while the interrelationship between companies and their institutional context has, in the past, brought about a vicious cycle of irresponsibility and minimal collaboration, this cycle may be reversed into a virtuous one, driven in particular by the State. The broader implication is that references to a business case for CSR and partnerships cannot be relied upon independently of continued efforts at shaping the public sector context of companies.     

年度城市环境事件评选:方法、评析及启示

政府和民众对于城市环境事件的关注越来越高,树立典型是激励良性发展的有效手段。为了提高年度城市环境事件评选的科学性和合理性,本文提出定量和定性相结合的评选方法,包含事件收集、事件筛选、事件评定三个阶段。在此基础上,对2016年度中国城市环境保护十大事件进行了评选,无锡、贵溪、三亚、珠海的案例分别代表了水、土、气、生4个专项领域环境治理和保护的先进典型;杭州、深圳、三沙的案例分别体现了以大型赛事活动为契机开展城市综合环境整治的先进经验,以及市场化的治理手段和生态技术对于城市综合治理的重要性;上海(崇明)、重庆、鄂尔多斯(库布齐地区)代表了因地制宜的区域生态文明发展模式。通过案例分析,得出如下启示:提升环境治理成效应该兼顾责任制、市场化、民主化的管理模式创新和各种技术创新;生态环境要素应该被视为城市发展的新兴增长点;城市环境保护行为具有发展和再分配双重属性,环保行为的发展属性仍有待于继续普及,而先行城市应该借鉴典型经验,积极探索通过环境保护实现经济发展的新模式。     

Biofuels – tools for achieving environmental goals or green place branding? Present drivers and future visions in two Swedish municipalities

This paper presents a study of two Swedish municipalities’ engagement in biogas development. To analyse the drivers of such biogas development, the conceptual framing incorporates two perspectives on local biogas policy: first, policy drivers as connected to environmental goals and, second, policy as a matter of green place branding. The results indicate that biogas engagement serves as a self-governing activity with the fulfilment of environmental goals as a driver; furthermore, it is a way of expressing the mission of municipalities as “engines” of environmental policy. In one studied municipality, biogas engagement has an important symbolic value for green identity, meaning that green place branding is a driver. Still, interviewed actors from both municipalities lack clear long-term visions of biogas. Further studies of biofuel production should critically investigate visions of the future among central and local governments and evaluate the implications of municipalities as biofuel producers.     

海洋高技术发展及其对海洋生态环境影响的案例分析与政策研究

本文描述了海洋高技术的兴起与进展、海洋采矿对生态环境影响的案例分析。６０年代以来，海洋高技术最重要的成就是深海采矿，根据当前发展动态看，深海石油和采矿技术仍是海洋高技术的主要方向，而海洋生物技术也是最有前景的高技术领域之一。对油船触礁造成的漏油事故案例分析指出海洋高技术对海洋生态环境的影响主要表现如下：１．对海洋生物资源的危害。首先，在油污染事件的短期内大量海鸟和海兽被杀死；其次，长期累积在经济鱼类内的有害物质通过食物链进入人体而对人体健康产生危害。２．对海滨环境的影响。如破坏海滨浴场水质。为了避免各种海洋高技术对海洋生态环境的影响，介绍了几点政策建议。     

Long-range transport potential of semivolatile organic chemicals in coupled air-water systems

Ongoing deliberations on the regulation of semivolatile organic chemicals require the assessment of chemical transport in atmospheric and marine systems. The characteristic travel distance was proposed as a measure for the transport potential in air and water. However, the existing definition treats the transport processes separately. It is shown that combined transport in coupled air-ocean systems can accelerate the overall transport into remote regions. Concentration ratios in air and water change with distance from sources depending on the initial concentration ratio and on the difference between the transport velocities. A measure is suggested facilitating the chemical screening with respect to transport potentials in such air-ocean systems. A case study for alpha and gamma-hexachlorocyclohexane shows that the suggested measure qualitatively reveals the transport potentials of these chemicals and exemplifies possible concentration patterns.     

沈阳市当前环境信访与投诉案件的对策研究

分析了沈阳市环境信访投诉案件的季节性和区域性分布特征，阐述了夏季是信访投诉高峰期，近八成信访与投诉发生在城市7个中心区的特点。其中，春、秋两个季节多发扬尘、烟尘投诉；夏季是噪声、油烟投诉的高峰期；冬季主要是采暖引发的烟尘问题、噪声问题，以及建筑工地夜间施工扰民问题投诉。对2006年查处的重点环境案件进行了剖析，针对沈阳市环境信访与投诉案件的形式和特点，提出了部门联合、污染治理技术筛选、源头治理、专项整治的措施和手段。     

生物接触氧化处理槽内水流混掺特性的研究

对生物接触氧化处理槽内水流的混掺特性进行了分析，推导提出了水流完全混掺的判断条件，短流水量及处理槽长度的计算式，并用试验值和一实际工程现场测试结果进行了验证，结果表明，计算式与实例结果吻合较好。