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991.
I. A. Romanenko V. A. Romanenkov P. Smith J. U. Smith O. D. Sirotenko N. V. Lisovoi L. K. Shevtsova D. I. Rukhovich P. V. Koroleva 《Regional Environmental Change》2007,7(2):63-77
This study estimates the consequences of climate change on cropland with and without implementation of adaptation measures,
paying special attention to the maintenance of soil organic carbon (C) stocks. We examine the possibility for regional sustainable
agricultural management practice that combines both maintenance and gain in soil carbon level with profit maximization. Future
scenarios of Regional Agricultural Production Systems (RAPS) were constructed for 2000–2070 based on linking the effects of
global climate change, predicted change in productivity parameters for the main agricultural crops, land-use and soil database
parameters. The RAPS were used to examine profitability and feasibility of alternative agricultural scenarios, based on an
economic model. A number of recommendations for decision making were proposed based on an assessment of the efficiency of
adaptation in animal husbandry and in the crop production sector, after analysis of current percentage of perennial grass
in rotation in comparison with future economic scenarios.
Figures in color are available at 相似文献
992.
关于耕地总量动态平衡的思考 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
中国是一个人多地少的国家,伴随着80年代经济高速增长而加剧的人地矛盾已经成为区域可持续发展面临的一个重要问题。本文以大量的数据分析了自耕地总量动态平衡实施以来的1999-2001年耕地数量和质量的变化,其中用播面单产和复种指数来度量耕地质量,得出了我国总体耕地质量下降的结论,指出仅仅从数量上实施耕地总量动态平衡,保证不了我国粮食安全的需要。并在此基础上提出了相关的建议。 相似文献
993.
D. G. Zamolodchikov A. I. Utkin G. N. Korovin O. V. Chestnykh 《Russian Journal of Ecology》2005,36(5):291-301
The state and results of studies on the carbon cycle of forests on lands of the Russian forest fund (total area 1172 × 106 ha) are analyzed at the federal level. Consideration is given to changes in the areas of different categories of forest lands, the age structure of stands, the pool and deposition of carbon in the phytomass, and the organic carbon pool of soils over the period from 1966 to 1998; the dynamics of activity in the forest industry by years and the extent of pyrogenic transformation of the forest cover between 1990 and 2001; and carbon fluxes associated with forest exploitation, including carbon emission resulting from fires. 相似文献
994.
有关全球气候变化问题上的公平性分析 总被引:11,自引:0,他引:11
从《联合国气候变化》了发,对人类社会应对气候变化中的“公平”性问题,从不同角度进行了系统讨论。对发展中国家和发达国家在公平原则下责任、义务及优先事项的差别进行了分析,提出并分析了以人均碳排放权相等为标准,到目标年(例2100年)各国人均碳排放量及过渡期内(例1990-2100)人均累积碳排放量两个趋同的碳排放权分配原则。 相似文献
995.
Zhuang Yahui Zhang Hongxun Wang Xiaoke & Li Changsheng Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences PO Box Beijing China Institute for the Study of Earth Oceans and Space University of New Hampshire Durham NH U.S.A. 《中国人口.资源与环境(英文版)》2004,(3)
The report summarizes surveys on carbon inventories and initiatives on sustainable carbon cycling taken by the Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, where the authors work/worked. The first part of the report, which appeared in the preceding issue of this journal, deals with the concept of sustainable carbon cycling, the historic evolution of carbon cycling processes in China, carbon pool enhancement, value addition, carbon sequestration and carbon balance. This very paper, as the second part of the report, covers the results of carbon dynamics modeling, emission inventories of various carbon-containing greenhouse gases and their potential abatement measures. 相似文献
996.
施少华 《中国人口.资源与环境》1994,4(2):44-48
本文统计分析了历史时期黄河决溢的变化。并从自然和人为因素两方面探讨其原因和规律。认为在湿润的气候时期黄河决溢频率增高,其原因是本地区高强度的暴雨造成了黄土高原严重的水土流失,从而使黄河中下游大量的泥沙沉积。人类特别是小冰期以来加强了对黄土高原的开发,破坏了原先的植被,从而造成了严重的水土流失,这是小冰期以来黄河决溢次数远远高于其它时期的主要原因。作者还认为在下世纪高温环境到来之际,黄河决溢的危险性大大增加。 相似文献
997.
Equity Concerns over Climate Change Mitigation 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
As a complicated concept with ethical implications, equity or fairness in the field of climate change mitigation concerns the relations not only between individual human beings but also between human beings and the nature. In this paper, after the review of equity between individuals, market and non-market attributes of emissions rights are distinguished and discussed. Based on the argument of equal per capita emissions rights, three types of emissions rights and the concept of minimum emissions rights as social security are proposed. 相似文献
998.
Handmer JW 《Disasters》1985,9(4):279-285
In 1977 the Government of New South Wales introduced a flood prone lands policy which attempted to break with the past emphasis on structural works. Cornerstones of the policy were the preparation of floodplain maps, and use of the 1:100 (100 year or 1%) flood to delineate floodplains and 1:20 flood for floodway definition. The fiscal and regulatory elements of the policy were to be applied more or less uniformly within the two zones. At first there was little effective opposition to the program, but this changed when large areas of Sydney, which had not been inundated since development, were mapped. Local government concern over issues of legal liability led to decisions which in turn prompted opposition to the policy from residents' action groups and property development interests. A perceived drop in property values provided the main motivation for action by residents. This pressure for change, which intensified just before the 1984 state election, saw the policy overturned.
The new policy gives local government greater responsibility for floodplain management. State authorities have withdrawn from floodplain mapping, although technical advice will continue to be provided, and there are no longer any uniform floodplain or floodway definitions. Policy implementation is to be guided by a Manual which attempts to define flood hazard in terms of both physical and social criteria. 相似文献
The new policy gives local government greater responsibility for floodplain management. State authorities have withdrawn from floodplain mapping, although technical advice will continue to be provided, and there are no longer any uniform floodplain or floodway definitions. Policy implementation is to be guided by a Manual which attempts to define flood hazard in terms of both physical and social criteria. 相似文献
999.
D. Pimentel N. Brown F. Vecchio V. La Capra S. Hausman O. Lee A. Diaz J. Williams S. Cooper E. Newburger 《Journal of Agricultural and Environmental Ethics》1992,5(2):113-146
Burning fossil fuel in the North American continent contributes more to the CO2 global warming problem than in any other continent. The resulting climate changes are expected to alter food production. The overall changes in temperature, moisture, carbon dioxide, insect pests, plant pathogens, and weeds associated with global warming are projected to reduce food production in North America. However, in Africa, the projected slight rise in rainfall is encouraging, especially since Africa already suffers from severe shortages of rainfall. For all regions, a reduction in fossil fuel burning is vital. Adoption of sound ecological resource management, especially soil and water conservation and the prevention of deforestation, is important. Together, these steps will benefit agriculture, the environment, farmers, and society as a whole. 相似文献
1000.
通过对武昌县多时域航空影象的判读和 GIS 的快速处理,结合其它辅助数据,对不同时期武昌县土地资源变化情况作了定性、定量和定位的分析研究.研究结果表明,多时域航空影象能较快地获取有关土地资源演变的静态和动态信息。GIS 是进行土地变迁复合研究及县域规划管理的一种有效技术手段。 相似文献