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181.
Selecting Socio-Economic Metrics for Watershed Management 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
The selection of social and economic metrics to document baseline conditions and analyze the dynamic relationships between
ecosystems and human communities are important decisions for scientists, managers, and watershed citizens. A large variety
of social and economic data is available but these have limited use without theoretical frameworks. In this paper, several
frameworks for reviewing social-ecosystem relations are offered, namely social sanctions, sense of place, civic structure,
and cultural differences. Underlying all of these frameworks are attitudes, beliefs, values, and norms that affect which questions
are asked and which indicators are chosen. Much work and significant challenges remain in developing a standard set of spatially
based socio-economic metrics for watershed management. 相似文献
182.
The increasing use of the landscape by humans has led to important diminutions of natural surfaces. The remaining patches
of wild habitat are small and isolated from each other among a matrix of inhospitable land-uses. This habitat fragmentation,
by disabling population movements and stopping their spread to new habitats, is a major threat to the survival of numerous
plant and animal species. We developed a general model, adaptable for specific species, capable of identifying suitable habitat
patches within fragmented landscapes and investigating the capacity of populations to move between these patches. This approach
combines GIS analysis of a landscape, with spatial dynamic modeling. Suitable habitat is identified using a threshold area
to perimeter ratio. Potential movement pathways of species between habitat patches are modeled using a cellular automaton.
Habitat connectivity is estimated by overlaying habitat patches with movement pathways. The maximum potential population is
calculated within and between connected habitat patches and potential risk of inbreeding within meta-populations is considered.
The model was tested on a sample map and applied to scenario maps of predicted land-use change in the Peoria Tri-county region
(IL). It (1) showed area of natural area alone was insufficient to estimate the consequences on animal populations; (2) underscored
the necessity to use approaches investigating the effect of land-use change spatially through the landscape and the importance
of considering species-specific life history characteristics; and (3) highlighted the model's potential utility as an indicator
of species likelihood to be affected negatively by land-use scenarios and therefore requiring detailed investigation. 相似文献
183.
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185.
亚铵法制浆造纸厂中段废水处理技术分析研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
通过对采用两级气浮做预处理 ,生物硫化床串联接触氧化做深度处理的治理技术的分析研究 ,结合废水处理工程实例 ,说明了用两级串联气浮 +硫化床 +接触氧化工艺处理造纸中段水技术切实可靠 ,该治理工艺对处理亚铵法麦草制浆造纸中段废水有较强的针对性和可行性。 相似文献
186.
介绍了广东省地方污染物排放标准中的《水污染物排放限值》和《大气污染物排放限值》的主要特点 ,对今后标准修订提出了建议 相似文献
187.
188.
Lake V?nern, the largest lake in Sweden, has been seriously contaminated with mercury during the 20th century. In the 1970's and 80's the direct load, mainly from a chlor-alkali industry in the area, of mercury was drastically reduced as a response to new legislation, from three to five tons down to between five and ten kg yr(-1). Large amounts of the disposed pollutant have accumulated in the sediments. The question posed in this work is now, is the effect of the drastic load reduction after more than two decades visible in the sediments? The question is relevant as large areas still are blacklisted for fishing, but also as a follow-up of a major remedy action. The lake also serves as a freshwater reservoir for even Sweden's second largest city. This work synthesises and compares data of mercury in the sediments from three major field programs, in 1974, 1984 and 1998. The interest is focused on both spatial heterogeneity and temporal trends. In 1974, the surface concentrations are significantly higher than in subsequent surveys. Significant differences are also found between 1984 and 1998. Significant spatial differences within the lake are found for respective year. The most contaminated area is located in the north, close to the major point source (a former chlor-alkali industry). This is also the area with the largest improvement, as a direct response to the reduction in load. Further from the outlet, the recovery is more affected by burial and transport processes out into the deeper basins. 相似文献
189.
省级环境监测站在建设项目竣工验收监测中的地位和作用 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
建设项目竣工验收监测是环境监测工作的一项重要工作,也是"一控双达标"工作的重要一环.从锻炼队伍、保护队伍、巩固队伍、稳定队伍和纯洁队伍等方面综合分析,省级监测站在此项工作中应承担相应的责任,才能更好地发挥技术中心、信息中心、网络中心和培训中心的作用. 相似文献
190.
《中国环境监测》于2006年8月第22卷第4期发表了一篇名为“碱性高锰酸钾指数标准分析方法的错误”的文章,该文作者通过配制不同浓度的葡萄糖标准溶液,分别用酸性法与碱性法来测定其高锰酸盐指数值,对相应的结果与计算公式进行讨论,指出碱性高锰酸钾操作方法与计算公式均存在错误,并提出了碱性高锰酸钾测定的修正方法与公式。文章对上述观点和结论有不同的看法,从碱性高锰酸钾指数标准分析方法的试验操作步骤及方法原理的理解入手,进行相关的阐述和讨论。 相似文献