Determination of chemical warfare agents

Chlorovinylannes (Lewisites) were produced and handled during WW I and WW II as chemical warfare agents. Residues of these cwa and their metabolites are still present today and continue to contaminate soil and water. A gas Chromatographic method for the detection and determination of chlorovinylarsines (Lewisites) and their metabolites is shown. Lewisite II and Lewisite III, but not Lewisite I and the metabolites of Lewisite I and Lewisite II can be detected and determined using GC/ECD. After derivatization with thiols, the sum of Lewisite I or Lewisite II and their metabolites are detected. With the proper selection of the thiol, matrix interferences can be eliminated because of the different retention times of the derivatives.     

Pathways for the oxidation of sarin in urban atmospheres

The nerve agent sarin has recently been deployed by terrorists in a major city. The molecule is volatile and made its way to many victims by passing as vapor through a highly reactive medium. Here we estimate rates and pathways for the removal of gas phase sarin from a generalized urban atmosphere. Only information from the open scientific literature is used. By structure reactivity comparisons with the organophosphorus pesticides, hydroxyl radical hydrogen abstraction may occur in as little as one hour. Decomposition of side chains after hydroxyl attack leads to organic oxygenates which preserve the phosphonofluoridate and so toxicity. The aqueous aerosol surface is contacted in minutes and offers access to a range of dissolved nucleophiles. Substitution displaces the fluoride leaving group, giving safe phosphoric acid analogs. Because of uncertainties in the electron distribution and in aqueous decay mechanisms, the time constants must be viewed as lower limits.     

重金属螯合剂处理焚烧飞灰的稳定化技术研究

进行了垃圾焚烧飞灰的新型稳定化药剂－－重金属螯合剂的实验室研究,探讨了本螯合剂处理焚烧飞灰的稳定化工艺流程及处理效果。结果表明,本螯合剂夺悄灰中重金属的总捕集效率高达９７％以上,其效果显著优于无机稳定化药剂Ｎａ２Ｓ和石灰,且处理后的飞灰能达到重金属废物的填埋控制标准,同时,其处理后的飞灰的最大浸出量远低于无机稳定化药剂处理后的飞灰,且能在较宽的ｐＨ范围内都具有好的稳定化效果,减少了稳定化产物在环境     

交联阳离子淀粉螯合剂对铬渣的处理研究

合成了作为重金属螯合剂的交联阳离子淀粉 ,并将它用于铬渣的固化实验 ,对固化体的浸出毒性、表面浸出率、抗压强度等指标进行了测试。结果表明 ,添加高分子螯合剂后的固化体的浸出毒性降低 6 6 4 % ,远远小于国家标准的1 5mg/L ;2 8d后的表面浸出率仅为 1 0 -6数量级 ;抗压强度有所下降 ,但 2 8d养护后的抗压强度大于 30MPa ,符合填埋或建筑综合利用的强度要求     

洗涤剂富磷污染及其对策

介绍了国内湖海水域富磷污染的现状,指出含磷洗涤剂的使用是造成富磷污染的主要原因,提出了解决富磷污染的对策及适合中国国情的洗涤剂发展方向。     

基于响应面法的新型餐厨垃圾菌剂制备

设计三因素三水平实验并采用响应面优化法对反应适宜的实验参数进行了优化.选择温度、供氧条件和反应时间作为菌剂制备的可控因素,选择温度、菌剂投加量和木屑投加量(水分调节)作为菌剂处理厨余垃圾的可控因素,研究菌剂制备与处理垃圾的优化工艺参数.研究结果表明,菌剂的最优制备条件为:温度35℃、间歇震荡、培养108 h,按重量百分比为碎花生壳∶刨花∶鱼骨粉∶麸皮∶菌体=2∶1∶1∶1∶1比例制得的固体菌剂具有较高的活性.菌剂处理厨余垃圾的响应面优化法分析结果表明,当温度为45℃,菌剂投加量为6％,木屑投加量为30％时,厨余垃圾的减量率最大,2d降解率可达40％.     

滇池草海蓝藻清除应急药剂筛选现场试验研究

在滇池草海开展的蓝灌清除应急措施药剂筛选试验中，对国内外１４种药剂进行了试验研究，综合净水效果、安全性、经济性和可操作性等几方面因素，从中优选出３种微生物制剂、１种混凝剂和２种杀藻剂，为实施蓝灌清除应急措施提供了重要技术依据。     

染料废水脱色方法

染料污水中污染物主要来自一些成色物质，如活性黄、活性蓝、碱性紫、碱性蓝等，染料的可生化性一般都较差，并使污水呈现出一定的色度，影响了美观。本文就染料废水最新的一些脱色方法进行了探讨。     

化学药剂抑尘方法的工业应用

论述了化学药剂抑尘方法的工业应用,大量的试验测试数据表明:该除尘方法投资省、运营费用低、除尘效果好、简单易操作。     

重金属螯合剂处理焚烧飞灰的稳定性实验研究

对利用重金属螯合剂处理城市垃圾焚烧飞灰的药剂稳定化工艺及处理效果进行了实验研究，并与Na2S和石灰等效果进行了比较，结果表明，该螯合剂投加量0.6%时，捕集飞灰中重金属的效率高达97%以上，为达到相同稳定化效果，螯合剂的使用量要比无机稳定化药剂少得多，同时，14个月的微生物影响实验表明，重金属螯合剂稳定化产物在填埋场环境下，其稳定性不受微生物活动的影响。