Ni-Co-P/EG复合材料制备及其电磁性能研究

研究了利用化学镀在膨胀石墨表面及内部孔结构制备Ni-Co-P非晶态合金镀层的方法,探讨了合金镀层对膨胀石墨电磁性能的影响。结果表明,Ni-Co-P/EG材料电磁屏蔽效能明显提高,Ni-Co-P/EG材料电磁屏蔽效能均高于50 dB,最高达到69 dB。     

改性活性炭纤维对含乙醇有机废气的吸附性能研究

文章研究了活性炭纤维(ACF)对乙醇的吸附性能以及表面基团和形态对吸附性能的影响,并以提高活性炭纤维对乙醇的吸附性能为出发点,采用无机盐浸渍及二次热处理方法对ACF进行表面改性,改性前ACF对乙醇的吸附容量为376mg/g,经过无机盐浸渍并二次热处理改性的ACF对乙醇的吸附容量达到了516mg/g,穿透时间也由改性前的30min延长到了80min。结果表明,无机盐浸渍和二次热处理改变了ACF表面基团和形态,从而提高了ACF对乙醇的吸附性能。     

浙东海积平原农田土壤重金属来源辨识

为了区别土壤中潜在有毒重金属是来源于成土母质还是人为的污染,在浙东海积平原农田选择了32个采样点,分别采集了耕作层(0～10cm)和心土层(40～50cm)土样,用标准化学分析方法分别测定了Cd、Cu、Cr、Co、Ni、Zn、Hg、Pb、Mo、As和Al含量.用元素剖面分布研究法、元素化学形态分析法和主成分分析法等综合方法探讨了农田土壤中重金属的来源.结果表明,研究区土壤中Cr、Co、Ni为非污染元素,主要来源于成土母质,平均含量在耕作层与心土层中较为接近,残留态是这些重金属绝对优势的化学形态.Cd、Cu、zn、Hg和Pb为主要污染元素,其耕作层舍量明显高于心土层,可提取形态的比例较高;其中,Cd、Cu、Zn和Pb有相似的人为污染来源,而Hg有不同的人为污染来源.土壤中的Mo和As的变化较为复杂,可能受成土母质和外源污染双重影响.     

Photolysis of mono- through deca-chlorinated biphenyls by ultraviolet irradiation in n-hexane and quantitative structure-property relationship analysis

The photolysis of 16 polychlorinated biphenyls （PCBs） （including mono- through deca-chlorinated） in n-hexane was investigated under ultraviolet irradiation using a 500-W high-pressure mercury lamp. Photolysis of PCBs follows pseudo-first-order reaction kinetics, with photolysis rate constants ranging between 0.0011 s^-1 for PCB-52 and 0.0574 s^-1 for PCB-118. The degradation rates of PCBs by high-pressure mercury lamp irradiation were remarkably independent with respect to the degree of chlorination. Furthermore, partial least squares （PLS） models were developed to provide insight into which aspect of the molecular structure influenced PCB photolysis rate constants. It was found that the photolysis rates of PCBs increased with an increase in the net charge on the carbon atom （qc）, （ELUMO-EHOMO）^2, and the Y-axis dipole moment （μy） values, or the decrease in the energy of the second highest occupied molecular orbital （EHOMO-1）, energy of the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital （ELUMO）, ELUMO ＋ EHOMO, ELUMO - EHOMO, most positive atomic charge （q^＋）, and the twist angle of the chlorine atom （TA） values.     

巴丹吉林沙漠北部沙样中磷的化学赋存形态

文章采用7步连续浸提法对采集于巴丹吉林沙漠北部沙样中磷的各种存在形态进行了分析测定,并对沙样进行了分级形态研究。测定结果表明:在巴丹吉林沙漠北部沙样中总磷(TP)的含量范围为164.28～342.85μg/g,平均含量为275.20μg/g,其主要成分为无机磷(IP),平均含量为264.24μg/g,占TP含量的96.02%;而有机磷(Or-P)平均含量为10.96μg/g,平均占TP的3.98%。在所有不同粒径的沙样中,自生钙结合磷(Ca-P)含量最高,平均为217.17μg/g,占TP的78.91%,其次是原生碎屑磷(De-P),平均含量43.36μg/g,占TP的15.76%,二者占TP的绝大部分;其他各形态磷含量的高低顺序依次为:有机磷(Or-P)、铝结合磷(Al-P)、铁结合态磷(Fe-P)、可交换磷(Ex-P)、闭蓄态磷(Obs-P)。在所取沙漠颗粒物样品中Ca-P、De-P和Ex-P的含量均随沙样粒径的减小而增大;Or-PFe-P的含量随粒径的减小而减小;Obs-P、Al-P、的含量随粒径的变化无特定规律;总磷(TP)含量随沙样粒径的减小而增大。     

化学沉淀法去除电镀废水中铬的实验研究

文章采用化学沉淀的方法处理含铬电镀废水,以FeSO4还原电镀废水中的Cr6+,转化为危害较小的Cr3+,并通过调pH使之形成Cr(OH)3沉淀。反应过程中涉及的影响因素有还原剂投加量、Cr6+被还原时的pH值、转化为Cr3+时的pH值、电镀废水中Cr的初始浓度等。通过实验研究获得了上述影响因素的最佳参数值。最后实验效果表明:化学沉淀法能够快速、有效地去除电镀废水中的铬,总铬去除率在90%左右。     

药剂法去除矿井水中多种有害物质的应用研究

根据某一煤矿矿井水水质特点,采用在矿井水净化处理工艺过程中投加药荆的方法,达到同时去除矿井水中的悬浮物、碳酸盐硬度和铁等多种有害物质的目的。工程试验表明,聚合氯化铝投加量100mg／L,石灰投加量120-140mg／L,二氧化氯投加量大于1．5mg／L时,可以取得较好的处理效果。     

晋江感潮河段沉积物重金属赋存形态及潜在生态风险

测定了晋江感潮河段表层沉积物中12种重金属的含量,分析了沉积物中重金属的分布特征,结果显示:Cr、Ni、Cu、Zn在受人类活动影响较大的中间河段偏高,远离城区与工业区的上游、水动力条件较好的下游偏低。用改进的BCR四步提取法分析了4个站位沉积物中重金属的赋存形态,结果表明:Mn、Cd的弱酸溶态和Pb、Cu的可还原态占主导地位,具有较大的潜在生态危险性;V、Sb、Ti、Sn主要以残渣态为主,对环境的危害较小。沉积物中重金属污染的潜在生态风险评价表明,Cd污染及其生态危害性非常严重,Cu、Zn、Pb、Cr和Ni污染较轻。总体上,晋江感潮河段表层沉积物已受重金属严重污染,属于生态危害性极强的重污染水平。     

Increasing significance of advanced physical/chemical processes in the development and application of sustainable wastewater treatment systems

The awareness of the problem of the scarcity of water of high quality has strongly changed the approach of wastewater treatment. Currently, there is an increasing need for the beneficial reuse of treated wastewater and to recover valuable products and energy from the wastewater. Because microbiological treatment methods are, only to a limited part, able to satisfy these needs, the role and significance of physical/chemical processes in wastewater treatment are gaining more and more interest. The specific future role and aim of the various physical/chemical treatment processes can be categorized in five groups: improvement of the performance of microbiological treatment processes, achievement of the high quality required for reuse of the effluent, recovery of valuable components and energy from the wastewater for beneficial reuse, desalination of brackish water and seawater, and treatment of concentrated liquid or solid waste residues produced in a wastewater treatment process. Development of more environmentally sustainable wastewater treatment chains in which physical/chemical processes play a crucial role, also requires application of process control and modeling strategies. This is briefly introduced by the elaboration of treatment scenarios for three specific wastewaters.     

污水厂二沉池出水化学除磷实验研究

在原水总磷较高的情况下,生物除磷已不能满足除磷要求。化学除磷作为生物除磷的重要补充显得非常重要。液体硫酸铝是一种很好的化学除磷药剂,在二沉池出水总磷大于2．00mg／L的情况下,60．00mg／L液体硫酸铝投加量可以使TP降至0．50mg／L以下,去除率达到80．00％以上。适宜的水动力条件是除磷效果的保证。