化工企业危险性评价述评

对化工企业危险性评价的定义，内容和分类方法进行了介绍，并就化工危险性评价中存在的不确定性问题进行了分析，同时对提高化工企业危险性评价质量的途径进行了探讨。     

化学品泄漏事故现场应变程序

针对化学品泄漏事故的现场应对处置，对目前比较通用的CSTI应变程序和HAZMAT应变程序进行了详细论述，结合我国化学品应急管理的现状，提出我国化学品泄漏事故现场应变程序，应变程序包括泄漏物辨识、划分管制区域、人员疏散、成立现场指挥部、后果分析和现场监测、制定现场行动方案并组织实施、善后处理和文档记录。     

含重金属离子废水治理技术的研究进展

介绍了治理含重金属离子废水的物理法、物理化学法、普通化学法、生化法及电化学法等技术的研究进展；论述了电-生物耦合法处理该类废水的最新趋势；指出将不同治理技术加以耦合，充分发挥不同技术的优点、取长补短，并尽量避免它们之问的相互抑制作用，将是该类废水治理技术的发展方向。     

氯离子对COD测定的影响及消除方法

为保证测定污水中COD数据的准确性,分析了不同浓度氯离子对污水中COD测定的影响,并对不同浓度氯离子的消除方法进行了实验和探讨。实验结果表明:当氯离子的质量浓度小于2000mg/L时,用国标法简单准确,当氯离子的质量浓度大于2000mg/L小于20000mg/L时,用氯气校正法更为合适。     

UASB处理离子交换树脂生产废水的试验研究

本研究主要介绍，尝试采用UASB（Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Bed）反应器厌氧工艺处理某离子交换树脂生产废水试验。研究表明，在中温（37℃±1）环境下，容积负荷在6．0-7．0kgCODcr·m^-3·d^-1时，CODcr去除率维持在80％左右，运行稳定。本试验取得的试验效果，为以后的利用厌氧技术处理离子交换树脂生产废水提供了重要依据。     

长三角地区石油和化工行业上市公司绿色竞争力的实证研究

企业绿色竞争力是企业在“绿色化”的前提下，与对手相比的一种竞争优势。石油和化工行业是能源和资源的生产和消耗大户．也是众所周知的重污染行业．对石油和化工企业的绿色竞争力进行实证研究具有重要意义。本文以长三角地区的石油和化工行业上市公司为案例。构建基于DEA法的绿色竞争力评价模型．评估了它们的绿色竞争力。实证结果显示：长三角地区石油和化工企业的绿色竞争力还有待加强．在此基础上提出了石油和化工企业提高绿色竞争力的一些具体措施。     

Environmental assessment of water-courses of the Turvo Limpo River basin at the Minas Gerais State, Brazil

A study was performed to evaluate the environmental contamination in the Turvo Limpo River basin which receives effluent discharges from domestic (residential and commercial) activities. The watercourses examined were the São Bartolomeu Stream, Turvo Sujo River, and Turvo Limpo River, located in the Minas Gerais State, Brazil. Water samples were collected at the river-side and analyzed for evaluation of pollutant inputs. The pH, temperature, electrical conductivity, redox potential (Eh), dissolved oxygen (DO), total and settleable solids, visual color, hardness, chemical oxygen demand (COD), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), chloride, total phosphate, total nitrogen, ammonia nitrogen, nitrate, total coliforms and E. coli, as well as the Cd, Pb, Cu, and Zn speciation were determined in the watercourses. The data obtained were compared with those of the Brazilian Environmental Standards and with data from non-contaminated areas. River water characteristics in some sites were far from the limit values established for superficial waters with satisfactory quality. For instance, the BOD values reached 411 mg L^?1 for a maximum limit of 10.0 mg L^?1, while the ammonia nitrogen concentration reached 28 mg L^?1 for a maximum limit of 13.3 mg L^?1. Some sites showed E. coli values above those of non-contaminated regions. Besides the effects of sewage discharges into the water-courses, agriculture activities and the use of the area for cattle husbandry influenced the quality of the river waters, for instance, the pH of a spring-water sample reached the value of 4.3. The São Bartolomeu Stream has been contributing to the deterioration of the water quality of the Turvo Sujo River, while the Turvo Limpo River has also been affected by anthropogenic discharges in the Turvo Sujo River. The speciation of Cd, Cu and Pb showed that these metals were mainly found in the particulate fraction (i. e., associated with the suspended material). Fifty five percent of the water samples showed labile Zn concentrations greater than that of the nonlabile Zn.     

Facing Hazardous Matter in Atmospheric Particles with NanoSIMS (2 pp)

Background, Aim and Scope Current scientific studies and evaluations clearly show that an increase of urban dust loads, alone or combined with other pollutants und certain meteorological conditions lead to different significant health effects. Premature death, increased hospital admissions and increased respiratory symptoms and diseases as well as decreased lung function can be observed in combination with high pollutant levels. Sensitive groups like elderly people or children and persons with cardiopulmonary diseases such as asthma are more strongly affected. Because of the direct contact between fine particles and lung tissue more information concerning the surface structure (mapping of toxic elements) is required. Materials and Methods: The NanoSims50 ion microprobe images the element composition at the surface of sub-micrometer air dust particles and documents hot spots of toxic elements as a possible threat for human health. Results: The atmospheric fine dust consists of a complex mixture of organic and inorganic compounds. Heavy metals are fixed on airborn particles in the form of hot spots in a nanometer scale. From a sanitary point of view, the hot spots consisting of toxic elements are particularly relevant as they react directly with the lung tissues. Discussion: To what extent particles can penetrate the various areas of the lungs and be deposited there depends on the one hand on their physical characteristics and on the other on breathing patterns and the anatomy of the lung, which is subject to change as the result of growth, ageing or illness. Once inhaled, some particles can reach the pulmonary alveoli and thus directly expose the lung tissues to toxic elements. Conclusions: Especially the mapping of toxic arsenic or heavy metals like copper on the dust particles shows local hot spots of pollution in the dimension of only 50 nanometers. Recommendations and Perspectives: Imaging of elements in atmospheric particles with NanoSIMS will help to identify the material sources.     

对化学品登记要求的数据解释：—理化参数和生物降解

本文对化学品登记时所要求的理化和生物降解数据做了解释。涉及到的测试参数包括:紫外—可见光谱、熔点、沸点,蒸汽压曲线、水溶解度、吸附—解吸、分配系数(正丁醇—水)、液体和固体密度、颗粒物粒度分布、与 pH 有关的水解作用、在水中的离解常数和快速生物降解。     

鞍山市化学事故辅助决策系统的开发

以科学实用为出发点,对鞍山市化学事故辅助决策系统的建立和开发进行了研究。分析讨论了建立该辅助决策系统软件的背景及意义;根据GB6944—2005《危险货物品名表》,应用Access2003数据库和VB6.0语言进行编程,构建危险化学品资料查询数据库,实现模糊查询和精确查询功能;通过分析、比较扩散模型中应用较广泛的高斯模型、SLAB模型、ADMS模型,结合鞍山市当地的实际气象数据,确定ADMS模型为该软件所用扩散模型,并根据ADMS模型和毒负荷法建立危险区域划分标准;根据鞍山市的实际情况,在灵图2006和消防水源电子地图的共同支持下,实现救援车辆电子地图导航和现场实时水源显示功能。