YJT塔及其在三苯废气治理中的应用

介绍了一种自行研制的ＹＪＴ塔组合净化装置及其工艺，并简要阐述了有关注体力学参数，通过某制鞋厂的三苯废气治理表明，用零号柴油作吸收剂，其净化效率较高，经治理排放的废气浓度和排放速率均符合行业标准中的一级标准。     

苯蒸气在有机膨润土上的吸附行为研究

探讨了苯蒸气在膨润土原土、单阳离子有机膨润土及阴－阳离子有机膨润土上的吸附性能、机理及影响因素。结果表明，有机膨润土对苯蒸气有良好的吸附性能，两种阴－阳离子有机膨润土对气态苯的吸附能力大于单阳离子有机膨润土，表现出较强的协同吸附作用；有机膨润土对气态苯的吸附作用主要由分配作用所致，等温吸附线呈线性，吸附系数（Kd)与有机膨润土的有机碳含量（foc）成正相关，与温度及比表面积成负相关，吸附速率（r)与有机碳含量成正相关。有机膨润土具有较大的开发、应用潜力。     

零价金属还原技术处理氯代有机物的研究进展

氯代有机化合物是一类常见的环境污染物,由于其水溶解度低,生物反应活性低,用常规的物化及生物处理方法难以将其去除.零价金属还原技术是近几年发展起来的环境污染物治理技术,是很有应用前景的一种非生物降解技术,文章阐述了零价金属还原技术在还原降解氯代有机物方面的应用,包括氯代烷烃、氯代烯烃、氯代芳香族化合物以及有机氯农药等,并提出了该技术存在的一些值得思考的问题,探讨了零价金属还原技术的发展方向.     

苯通过活性炭固定床的透出浓度与时间的动态关系

用气相色谱法，测量苯的不同进样浓度，通过活性炭床透出浓度（C）与时间（t)，绘制C-t曲线图。各图形均类似反正切曲线。以曲线对应的函数。建立了反正切函数的线性关系方程C=A Ktg^-1(t-τ），作为数学模型基础。对该方程求时间的导数，获得透出速度分布方程，当C等于进样浓度C0的1/2时，t=τ,有最大速度K，它是吸附剂对吸附物作用的特征常数。为了验证数学模型可靠性，经相关与回归计算。结果显示，透出浓度与时间的反正切值之间，均呈高度正相关（r≥0.9927)。初步认为，建立的C-t方程是可行的，但由于进样浓度不同，方程的有关常数不一样，使之不便应用，然而，由于方程常数K和τ的对数与进样浓度的对数高度线性相关（r≥0.9999)。常数为进样浓度的指数函数，于是，用进样浓度C0代替K和τ，使方程可适应于不同进样浓度下的应用。同时，还讨论了活性炭吸附苯过程中稳定及非稳定吸附的定量关系和相关机理。     

溶液中阴离子对UV/H2O2降解十二烷基苯磺酸钠的影响及其机理

研究了UV/H2O2工艺对十二烷基苯磺酸钠(LAS)的去除效果、溶液中阴离子对LAS降解的影响及机理.结果表明:UV/H2O2工艺可以有效地去除水中的LAS;在H2O2投加量为8 mg/L,14 W低压汞灯照射下,LAS在蒸馏水和自来水中的反应速率常数分别为0.018 0 、0.012 2 min-1;NO-3、Cl-、SO2-4和HCO-3对LAS光降解有抑制作用,当该4种离子摩尔浓度均分别为5、10、15 mmol/L时,对LAS光降解的抑制程度为HCO-3》NO-3》Cl-》SO2-4,且随着离子摩尔浓度的增大,抑制作用增强;LAS在自来水中的反应速率常数低于在蒸馏水中的反应速率常数是由于水中多种离子影响的结果.     

氯代芳香化合物的微生物降解研究

生物技术对消除有毒化学品已显示出广阔的应用前景，深入研究有毒化学品微生物降解的生物化学和遗传学，可按照预期目的构建具有更大降解能力的遗传工程菌株，以促使污染物的无害化资源化。本文对纯菌株降解氯代芳香化合物的降解途径、降解性质粒和遗传工程菌株的构建等诸方面进行了综述。     

Ferrioxalate-mediated photodegradation and mineralization of 4-Chlorophenol

INTENTION, GOAL, SCOPE, BACKGROUND: Advanced oxidation processes are powerful methods which are capable of transforming refractory, nonbiodegradable and/or toxic organic compounds into harmless end products such as carbon dioxide and water. However, one commen problem of all advanced oxidation processes is the high demand of electrical energy for ultraviolet lamps, which causes high operational costs. Minimization of the required irradiation time, and therefore the energy consumption, by optimization of other reaction conditions such as catalyst-oxidant type and concentration, pH, temperature, pollutant/oxidant ratio etc., therefore continues to gain importance. OBJECTIVE: The main objective of this study was the minimization of the required irradiation time through optimization of the use of a newly patented catalyst, ferrioxalate, and also to compare the performance of this catalyst with the performance of other AOPs. METHODS: Oxidation of 4-chlorophenol by photo-Fenton process using potassium ferrioxalate as a mediator was studied in a lab scale photoreactor. The influence of parameters such as hydrogen peroxide and ferrioxalate concentrations, initial pH, power-output, oxalate/iron ratio and different iron sources was evaluated. An upflow photoreactor equipped with a 1000 Watt high-pressure mercury vapour lamp and operating in a recirculation mode was used during photodegradation experiments. The extent of the reduction of 4-chlorophenol, Total Organic Carbon and Chemical Oxygen Demand was used to evaluate the photodegradation reaction. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: The optimum pH range observed was found to be 2.7-3. The efficiency of 4-chlorophenol oxidation increased with increasing concentrations of hydrogen peroxide and ferrioxalate, reaching a plateau after the addition of 10 and 0.072 mM of those reagents, respectively. Using an Oxalate/iron ratio of 12 was 18% less efficient than using a ratio of 3:1. The efficiency increased with increasing radiation power. However, this increase was not linear. The UV/ferrioxalate/H2O2 process, by which complete mineralization of 100 mg l(-1) 4-chlorophenol was achieved in 20 min of total reaction time, was the most efficient process among the alternatives applied. CONCLUSIONS: The use of ferrioxalate as the catalyst was found to be more efficient than the use of Fe(II) and Fe(III) iron species. It was possible to completely mineralize 4-chlorophenol. RECOMMENDATION AND OUTLOOK: The results of this study demonstrate that the ferrioxalate-mediated degradation of 4-chlorophenol requires less irradiation times than other advanced oxidation processes. There are mainly 19 phenol isomers and other toxic and nonbiodegradable organic compounds. We recommend that similar studies should be performed on many such compounds in order to attain a clear understanding of the performance of this catalyst. Because of its light sensitivity, this catalyst should be used immediately after its preparation. The use of low pressure mercury vapour lamps in this process should also be considered, since low power outputs may be enough for the process.     

The distribution of the chlorinated solvents dichloromethane,perchloroethylene, and trichloroethylene in the global atmosphere

Dichloromethane, perchloroethylene, and trichloroethylene are commercially important chlorinated solvents whose health and environmental impacts are under scrutiny in the industrial world. Their distributions in the global atmosphere have been computed based on data from the Reactive Chlorine Emissions Inventory (RCEI) project using the Global Balance Environment (GLOBE) model, a 3-D radiative-dynamical-chemical model. Their atmospheric lifetimes, scaled to an observed methyl chloroform lifetime of 4.8 years, are 158 days, 105 days, and 4.3 days, respectively. They have strong interhemispheric gradients, with maximum zonal mean surface concentrations in the winter mid-latitude northern hemisphere of approximately 40 ppt, 9 ppt, and 2.5 ppt, respectively. Their spatial distributions show significant seasonal variability, and are sensitive to vertical mixing by cumulus convection and horizontal mixing by synoptic-scale turbulence. While the model interhemispheric exchange time (1.0 years) and computed atmospheric lifetimes are very sensitive to sub-grid scale diffusion, interhemispheric gradients of the chlorinated solvents are not. The simulated results suggest a greater importance for oceanic emissions of perchloroethylene and trichloroethylene than has previously been assumed.     

含铁化合物对有机氯化物的脱氯处理技术研究

综述了钯 /铁、二硫化铁、硫化铁、三氧化二铁、绿锈等含铁化合物在降解六氯乙烷、四氯化碳、五氯乙烷、四氯乙烷、三氯乙烷、三氯乙烯、四氯乙烯等有机氯化物中的应用以及降解机理