Effects of biosurfactants on assays of PCB congeners in transgenic arabidopsis plants carrying a recombinant guinea pig AhR-mediated GUS reporter gene expression system

The transgenic Arabidopsis plants carrying a recombinant guinea pig (g) aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR)-mediated β-glucuronidase (GUS) reporter gene expression system were generated for assays of polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) congeners. The selected transgenic Arabidopsis plant XgD2V11-6 exhibited a correlation between uptake of PCB126 and PCB126-induced GUS activity. Also, the plants showed induced GUS activity towards the supplemental indole 3-acetic acid (IAA). Thus, the GUS assay may reflect induction by both endogenous and exogenous AhR ligands. When biosurfactants, MEL-B, produced in the culture of yeast isolated from plants were used for assays of PCB congeners in the transgenic Arabidopsis plants, they showed marked PCB126 dose-dependent and toxic equivalency factor (TEF) dependent GUS activities. The effects of biosurfactants were clearer when the plants were cultivated on soils containing PCB congeners for 7 days as compared with on soils for 3 days as well as in the medium for 3 days. Threfore, it was estimated that biosurfactants form micellae with PCB congeners, which are easily uptaken by the plants in a mode of passive diffusion, transport into the aerial parts and then induce GUS activity.     

纳米零价铁和零价铁对餐厨垃圾暗发酵制氢过程铁离子和酶活性的影响

通过投加不同浓度的纳米零价铁(NZVI)和零价铁(ZVI),考察了暗发酵制氢过程中铁离子组成和浓度变化、氢化酶和脱氢酶活性,研究了2种添加剂强化餐厨垃圾高温((55±1) ℃)暗发酵制氢的作用机制。结果表明：投加NZVI和ZVI均可提高餐厨垃圾暗发酵制氢性能;当投加100 mg·L⁻¹ ZVI时,产氢效果最佳,最大产氢潜力和最大产氢速率分别为425.72 mL和66.32 mL·h⁻¹,是投加NZVI实验组的1.64倍和1.34倍,代谢途径是以乙醇型发酵为主的混合型发酵;在投加NZVI和ZVI后,暗发酵制氢末端产物的Fe²⁺和Fe³⁺浓度升高,投加300 mg·L⁻¹ NZVI和100 mg·L⁻¹ ZVI实验组Fe²⁺浓度最大,是未投加实验组的2倍和1.87倍;与反应前相比,Fe²⁺显著升高,Fe³⁺由于微生物利用与转化浓度降低,同时可有效提高氢化酶活性。投加100 mg·L⁻¹ ZVI不仅可提高氢化酶活性,还可提高脱氢酶活性。以上结果可为提高餐厨垃圾等复杂有机废物的高效能源化提供参考。     

Solving Problems in Social–Ecological Systems: Definition, Practice and Barriers of Transdisciplinary Research

Translating policies about sustainable development as a social process and sustainability outcomes into the real world of social–ecological systems involves several challenges. Hence, research policies advocate improved innovative problem-solving capacity. One approach is transdisciplinary research that integrates research disciplines, as well as researchers and practitioners. Drawing upon 14 experiences of problem-solving, we used group modeling to map perceived barriers and bridges for researchers’ and practitioners’ joint knowledge production and learning towards transdisciplinary research. The analysis indicated that the transdisciplinary research process is influenced by (1) the amount of traditional disciplinary formal and informal control, (2) adaptation of project applications to fill the transdisciplinary research agenda, (3) stakeholder participation, and (4) functional team building/development based on self-reflection and experienced leadership. Focusing on implementation of green infrastructure policy as a common denominator for the delivery of ecosystem services and human well-being, we discuss how to diagnose social–ecological systems, and use knowledge production and collaborative learning as treatments.     

DBP,DOP清洁生产工艺及实施效果

针对增塑剂邻苯二甲酸二丁酯,邻苯二甲二辛酯的生产及废水治理现状,对生产过程的清洁生产审计及是提出清洁生产方案,并进行了实施,实施效果显著,污染物总量减少了８５％产品生产所需原材料有所下降,不仅具有环保效益,同时也有一定的经济效益。     

Nickel induced alteration of hen body weight,egg production and egg quality after an experimental peroral administration

In this study the effects of nickel (NiCl₂) administered in drinking water (0.02; 0.2 and 2.0 mg NiCl₂/L for 28 days) on laying hen body weight, egg production and egg quality is reported. Growth parameters during the experiment were significantly decreased mainly in the group with the highest nickel concentration. In total egg production dose–dependent decrease in all experimental groups was found. Egg weight was mainly affected in the group with the highest nickel concentration. Specific egg weight was not altered. Albumen weight and albumen content was significantly decreased in groups with the highest nickel concentration in comparison with the control group.

Egg yolk analysis detected significantly decreased yolk weight in the group with the highest nickel experimental level. In yolk color a significant difference was detected between the group receiving 0.02 and 0.2 mg NiCl₂/mL. Eggshell compactness was increased in all experimental groups what could be induced by altered mineralization of eggshell. Results of this study clearly report a negative effect of nickel as an environmental pollutant on laying hen body weight, egg production as well as egg quality.     

碳布负载的Co3O4纳米片阵列阳极对微生物燃料电池产电性能的影响

微生物燃料电池（MFCs）是一种在处理废水的同时产生电能的新型装置,阳极作为产电微生物富集、电子产生和传递的区域对提高MFCs的性能具有至关重要的作用。以碳布负载的四氧化三钴多孔纳米片阵列(Co₃O₄/CC)作为阳极,探究了可调控的纳米片孔缺陷对MFCs产电性能的影响。结果表明：Co₃O₄/CC阳极的产电性能显著优于碳布,且正比于Co₃O₄纳米片的孔隙率;液固界面处的电荷传递电阻(R_ct)由729.20 Ω降至43.48 Ω,所获得的最大功率密度由1275 mW·m⁻²增加至1547 mW·m⁻²。本研究开发了一种孔结构可控的金属氧化物负载碳布策略,所制备的高性能阳极材料可为MFCs的性能提升提供参考。     

Fingerprinting of Gasoline and Coal Tar NAPL Volatile Hydrocarbons Dissolved in Groundwater

Accidental spills and chronic leaks of fuel oil or other hydrocarbon material (e.g., coal tar) often result in subsurface accumulation of nonaqueous phase liquid (NAPL), which can be a subsequent source of contamination in groundwater. Linking hydrocarbons in groundwater to a source NAPL has been difficult when using standard target analytes (e.g., BTEX) because of differences in partitioning properties of the analytes between the source NAPL and groundwater. Because aqueous solubility is predicted to be the controlling influence in the partitioning of hydrocarbons from NAPL to groundwater, a solubility-based approach to matching dissolved hydrocarbons in groundwater to their source NAPL has been developed and validated for two sites with commonly encountered types of NAPL contamination. Specifically, a gasoline LNAPL and a coal tar DNAPL from two separate sites (West Virginia and California) and groundwater interfaced with these NAPLs were analyzed for approximately 50 gasoline-range hydrocarbons consisting of paraffin, isoparaffin, (mono-) aromatic, naphthene, and olefin compounds (PIANO). Solubility characteristics of selected alkyl aromatic hydrocarbons from the PIANO analysis were used to identify a set of diagnostic hydrocarbons, expressed as hydrocarbon ratios, which were found to be useful in distinguishing the source(s) of hydrocarbons in groundwater. At the West Virginia site, the diagnostic ratios in a downgradient groundwater sample were similar to those of a gasoline NAPL at that site, indicating the source of hydrocarbons to the groundwater was the upgradient gasoline NAPL. The diagnostic ratios of the groundwater in contact with the gasoline NAPL and the remote groundwater were also similar, providing evidence that the diagnostic ratios were retained during transport in the aquifer. At the California site, diagnostic ratios in a cross-gradient groundwater sample differed from those of the coal tar NAPL at that site, indicating that the remote groundwater hydrocarbons did not originate from the coal tar contamination. Environmental factors such as selective degradation of specific isomers and various geological conditions (e.g., soil mineralogy, and organic content) may confound the application of this solubility-based fingerprinting approach. Thus, it is recommended that multiple diagnostic pairs be simultaneously evaluated when considering this fingerprinting approach for specific sites and product types.     

制药废水中抗生素的去除技术研究进展

发酵类抗生素生产废水中残留抗生素及相关物质(残留效价)含量高,对废水生物处理系统微生物群落结构以及废水处理效果影响显著,同时会导致生物处理细菌耐药基因的产生和排放;因此,如何去除废水中残留抗生素及效价是解决抗生素废水处理难题的关键。在前期研究的基础上,提出高浓度抗生素生产废水残留抗生素效价的水处理控制目标,概述了水中抗生素去除的生物和物化技术的最新研究进展,提出了在废水生物处理之前进行抗生素选择性去除的强化催化水解预处理技术方案,结合生物处理之后采用高级氧化技术保障该类废水安全排放,并对未来该类废水处理技术的发展方向提出了建议,以期为行业的可持续发展提供技术支持和科学依据。     

复合铁添加物对混合有机固废厌氧产氢的影响

将城镇污水处理厂的城市污泥与餐厨垃圾混合后,经厌氧消化处理后可产生能源气体氢气,从而达到资源化利用的目的.废铁屑是机械加工厂的固体废弃物,将其处理后可得到一种新型复合铁材料(FE/FEO).将城市污泥和餐厨垃圾预处理后按体积比1:1比例混合,分别等分放入2个反应器中,一个投加FE/FEO粉末作为为FE/FEO组,另一个...     

有机物降解产气率模型研究

根据重庆市生活垃圾的组成特点,自配垃圾试样进行有机物降解实验,根据实验期间试样的质量变化,结合降解反应方程式,计算试样的产气量,并建立产气率模型.实验结果表明,试样质量随时间逐渐降低,呈指数型衰减规律.试样在实验初期产气率增加较快,达到产气高峰后逐渐降低.用建立的产气率模型进行计算,计算结果与实测数据比较接近,说明该产...