海河与渤海湾水体中溶解态多氯联苯和有机氯农药污染状况调查

在夏季对海河与渤海湾表层水中溶解态的多氯联苯（PCBs）和有机氯农药（OCPs）的污染状况进行了调查．结果表明,海河和渤海湾表层水中PCBs、六六六和滴滴涕的含量分别为0.06～3.11 μg/L、0.05～1.07 μg/L和0.01～0.15 μg/L．海河干流流域内的工业废水排放等陆源输入可能是渤海湾中PCBs和OCPs的重要来源．研究表明该地区PCBs与水中的DOC（dissolved organic carbon）具有一定的正相关．与国内外类似水体相比,海河中PCBs和OCPs污染情况较为严重,而渤海湾则处于中等水平．     

Euro Chlor Risk Assessment for the Marine Environment Osparcom Region: North Sea - Trichloroethylene

This risk assessment on trichloroethylene (TRI) was carried out specifically for the marine environment, according to the methodology laid down in the EU risk assessment Regulation (1488/94) and the Guidance Document of the EU New and Existing Substances Regulation (TGD, 1997). The study consists of the collection and evaluation of data on effects and environmental concentrations from analytical monitoring programs in large rivers and estuaries in the North Sea area. The risk is indicated by the ratio of the "predicted environmental concentrations" (PEC) and the "predicted no effect concentrations" (PNEC) for the marine aquatic environment. In total, 19 studies for fish, 30 studies for invertebrates and 14 studies for algae have been evaluated. Both acute and chronic toxicity studies have been taken into account and the appropriate assessment factors have been used to define a PNEC value of 150 µg/l. Most of the available monitoring data apply to rivers and estuaries and were used to calculate PECs. The most recent data (1991-1995) support a typical PEC of 0.1 µg TRI/l water and a worst case PEC of 3.5 µg TRI/l water. The calculated PEC/PNEC ratios give a safety margin of 40 to 1,500 between the predicted no effect concentration and the exposure concentration. Additional evaluation of environmental fate and bioaccumulation characteristics showed that no concern for food chain accumulation is expected.     

有机化合物生物富集因子快速测定方法

本文运用二室模型，研究了挥发和非挥发性有机物在鲤鱼体内生物富集因子快速测定方法。     

Preliminary report: Dioxins and furans in prescribed burns

The Ontario Ministry of Environment (MOE) recently participated in a joint Canadian/U.S. program to monitor the behavior and environmental impact of prescribed fires. Air, soil and ash samples were collected at the burn sites and analyzed for chlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (CDD) and dibenzofurans (CDF). Preliminary results indicated that larger air sample volumes were required.     

不同pH条件下三氯乙烯及其脱氯产物对苯或甲苯厌氧生物降解的影响

将零价铁渗透反应格栅和生物降解格栅联用,先利用氯代烃易还原脱氯的性质通过零价铁渗透反应格栅去除氯代烃,后利用BTEX易生物降解的性质通过生物降解格栅去除BTEX,可以有效去除地下水中由氯代烃和BTEX这两种性质迥异的污染物形成的混合污染羽.但在联合格栅技术中,零价铁渗透反应格栅后的强碱性环境(pH9)、氯代烃脱氯还原中间产物(cis-1,2-DCE)的积累和可能出现的TCE穿透均可对生物降解格栅中BTEX的生物降解产生影响.针对上述问题,本文研究了不同pH条件下TCE和cis-1,2-DCE对苯或甲苯厌氧生物降解的影响.结果发现,碱性pH条件有利于苯或甲苯的生物降解,但不同pH条件下TCE或cis-1,2-DCE的加入对苯或甲苯的生物降解均产生抑制(除pH=7.9,cis-1,2-DCE=100μg·L-1时的甲苯),且TCE对苯和甲苯生物降解的抑制要明显强于cis-1,2-DCE;不同pH条件下,TCE 100和500μg·L-1对苯生物降解的抑制作用没有明显差异,但对甲苯生物降解的抑制却随着TCE浓度的增加而增加;pH=7.9时,cis-1,2-DCE的加入有利于甲苯的生物降解,之后随着pH的增加又转变为抑制.另外,在苯或甲苯厌氧生物降解过程中,可能存在cis-1,2-DCE与苯或甲苯的共代谢生物降解,且甲苯更有利于cis-1,2-DCE的共代谢降解.     

生物处理含氯代脂肪烃废水的研究进展

从降解菌种及涉及的酶体系,降解过程机理,降解动力学和所用反应器等４方面对氯代脂肪烃的生物降解的研究作了综述,文献表明：通过驯化,某些菌种能在特写条件下降解氯代脂肪族物质。还介绍了降解菌种的特征,降解的可能途径和动力学模型,并比较了各种氯代脂肪族组分的可生物降解性。同时对降解所用的反应器进行了评价。     

Dioxins in the Venice lagoon

Venice is famous around the world for its uniqueness and architectural splendours, arts and the history of the “Serenissima Repubblica”, as it was known in the past, but few are aware that Venice economy is strongly dependent on the industrial activities based mainly on the adjacent Porto Marghera area. For many years, the lagoon that physically separates the city from the dry land has avoided association between the concern connected with the pollution derived from these industrial activities and the public perception of Venice. Since 1995, dioxins have appeared as a lagoon contaminant, and their presence, at such a level requiring immediate “in depth” studies and interventions, has been fully realized for decades.     

氯代烃在铜电极上的电还原特性和pH值的影响

采用循环伏安法,对氯代烃类化合物在铜电极表面上的电还原特性进行了研究,结果表明,氯代烷烃类化合物能在铜电极表面被直接还原,氯代芳烃不易在铜电极上被直接还原．碱性条件有利于中间体碳负离子的形成;在酸性条件下,碳负离子与氢离子之间反应的几率增大,导致通过溶液的电流值增加．pH值对不同氯代烃在铜电极上的电还原特性有不同程度的影响,这主要取决于碳链(或苯环)上其它取代基的性质、结构、数量和它与氯在苯环上的相对位置．     

金属铁还原脱氯处理有机氯化物的研究进展

本文对金属铁在还原降解六氯乙烷、四氯化碳、氯仿、三氯乙烯、四氯乙烯、二氯乙烯、氯乙烯、五氯酚、多氯联苯等有机氯化物中的应用作了评述 ,讨论了金属铁降解有机氯化物的反应机理及动力学。     

氯代芳香化合物生物降解性能与其化学结构的相关性

应用结构－活性定量关系研究方法,对氯代芳香化合物的好氧生物降解性能与其化学结构间的关系进行了研究,并建立了受试物的好物降解速率常数与４个高阶分子连接性指标及取代基电子效应数为结构参数的定量关系,分析表明,有机物取代基的电性能数和空间构型是影响受试物好氧生物降解性能的２个重要因素。