聚苯乙烯泡沫资源化关键技术研究

介绍了废旧聚苯乙烯（PS）泡沫塑料的回收概况、来源与分类、回收工艺和方法、回收技术瓶颈,重点讨论了熔融造粒法回收和改性废旧聚苯乙烯（Ps）泡沫塑料的工艺与进展,不同造粒回收工艺适合的原料种类,资源化利用的方向等,并对不同回收工艺的聚苯乙烯粒子性能作出了比较。     

A new polystyrene-latex-based and EPS-containing synthetic sludge

Since the living microorganisms in activated sludge continuously change, it is difficult to conduct controlled experiments and achieve reproducible results for evaluating sludge characteristics. Synthetic sludge, as a chemical surrogate to activated sludge, could be used to investigate the sludge physicochemical properties, and it is desirable to prepare synthetic sludge with similar structure and properties to real activated sludge to explore the flocculation and settlement processes in activated sludge systems. In this work, a high-strength synthetic sludge was prepared with functional polystyrene latex particles as the framework and extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) to modify its surface. The flocculation and settling characteristics of the microspheres and the prepared synthetic sludge were tested. Compared with other three functional polystyrene latex microspheres, the synthetic sludge prepared with EPS-modified polystyrene latex microspheres showed good settling characteristics and a significantly higher strength. They could be used for studying the physicochemical properties of activated sludge.     

聚苯乙烯外墙保温系统火灾风险影响因素分析

为了研究聚苯乙烯外墙保温系统火灾风险的问题,对比了3种火灾测试方法,分别是基于ISO 5660的小尺寸锥形量热计实验方法、基于ISO 9705的大尺寸实验方法和基于BS 8414的全尺寸实验方法。讨论了3种方法评测外墙保温系统火灾风险的适用性,进一步在比较分析热释放速率、临界热流强度、火蔓延情况、火灾行为以及实验后样品完整性等参数的基础上,得到了影响聚苯乙烯外墙保温系统火灾风险的关键因素。结果表明:虽然空腔的形成在此类系统火灾中不可避免,但系统保护层的严密性和完整性决定了空腔火蔓延的危险性以及聚苯乙烯在系统内的融化流动及燃烧特性。针对聚苯乙烯外墙保温系统火灾风险影响因素,进一步给出了此类系统的防火措施。     

Optimization of the recovery of plastics for recycling by density media separation cyclones

Material recovery processes are presented as the optimum option for recycling plastic wastes as a means of recovering hydrocarbon resources. There exist a large variety of automated material recovery processes for recycling of such wastes but each with significant limitations. Of these, the separation based on differences in densities is advocated as the optimum process either for producing recycled products or preparing wastes for subsequent recovery processing.Density separation processes based on cyclone type density media separation (DMS) is presented as an important, potential method for increasing plastics recycling process capacities. It is demonstrated to have the capacity to separate a significantly larger range of particle sizes than those presently processed industrially. The mathematical relationship for the prediction of quality of typical LARCODEMS type density media separations by particle size and density as expressed by the Ecart Probable is presented.A proposed device configuration is presented for density media separation to optimize the recovery and purity of both density fractions produced. It is also suggested that to be economically viable, a large scale of operation is required for industrial plastics recycling operations recovering and producing a number of different plastics with a purity to be used as a substitute for virgin material.     

纳米塑料聚苯乙烯对水中铅离子的吸附行为研究

纳米塑料作为一种新兴污染物在水中可长久稳定存在,其表面吸附的重金属对水环境产生了潜在危害.本文研究了纳米塑料聚苯乙烯微球在吸附时间、溶液pH、氯化钠溶液、锰离子、温度等不同实验条件下对铅离子的吸附行为.结果表明,粒径为400 nm的单分散聚苯乙烯微球可快速吸附铅离子,吸附平衡时间约为30 min,吸附率达到53.30%.聚苯乙烯微球对铅离子的吸附动力学符合伪一级动力学,吸附等温线遵循Freundlich模型,吸附过程主要为非线性吸附.随着溶液pH的增加,铅离子平衡吸附量增加,静电作用是影响铅离子在聚苯乙烯微球上吸附的关键因素.增加溶液盐浓度,微塑料发生聚集,比表面积减小,吸附位点减少,铅离子的吸附量显著降低,在3.5%氯化钠溶液中,纳米塑料对铅离子的吸附率仅为7.5%.与重金属锰离子共存,可促进聚苯乙烯微球对铅离子的吸附.升高温度,纳米塑料对铅离子的平衡吸附量增加.     

利用废聚苯乙烯泡沫塑料制抗冻胶粘剂

以废聚苯乙烯泡沫塑料为主要原料,经溶剂消泡、改性后可制得低毒性的、粘接强度高的、低成本的改性抗冻胶粘剂。对原料的用量、低毒性混合溶剂的选择和配比、改性剂的选择进行了试验,并通过正交试验优化出主要原料的最佳配比,当聚乙烯醇缩甲醛：废聚苯乙烯泡沫塑料：酚醛树脂的质量比为25：38：1时,胶粘剂的剪切强度可达1.40MPa以上。     

废聚苯乙烯泡沫塑料制备胶粘剂的研究

利用石油裂解副产物为主要溶剂、废弃聚苯乙烯泡沫塑料为原料,以废治污,研制出了一种低成本胶粘剂,对该胶粘剂的配方进行了选择,对其性能指标进行了测试。     

聚苯乙烯纳米塑料(PSNPs)对大豆(Glycine max)种子发芽和幼苗生长的影响

为探讨微塑料对农作物的生态毒理效应，研究了两种粒径（20 nm和100 nm）聚苯乙烯纳米塑料（Polystyrene Nanoplastics，PSNPs）在6个浓度梯度（0、50、100、200、500和1000 mg·L^-1）下对大豆（Glycine max）种子发芽和幼苗生长的影响.结果表明，两种粒径PSNPs均抑制种子发芽能力（发芽势、发芽指数、活力指数、平均发芽速度和发芽率），其中，发芽抑制率在一定程度上与暴露时间呈负相关关系.20 nm和100 nm PSNPs对根长、芽长和苗长的影响整体呈"低浓度促进，中高浓度抑制"的规律.20 nm PSNPs对根尖数量无显著影响，而100 nm PSNPs则表现出促进作用.20 nm和100 nm PSNPs对根直径和干重均有抑制作用.综上，PSNPs的植物毒性与粒径和浓度密切相关，在中等浓度（200 mg·L^-1）时，其对大豆幼苗生长的毒害作用最大.     

炭黑/聚苯乙烯复合材料在环境监测方面的应用

制备炭黑/聚苯乙烯(CB/PS)导电气敏复合材料。实验结果表明:复合材料在多种有毒有害有机蒸汽中都有很好的电阻气敏响应性。因此,炭黑/聚苯乙烯导电复合材料在用作气体传感器和电子鼻方面检测空气中的气体污染具有广阔的应用前景。     

废聚苯乙烯的化学回收方法

废聚乙烯（ＰＳ）转化为燃料油和化学品的化学回收方法,分为废ＰＳ单独裂解及废ＰＳ与其它废塑料混合裂解两种方式,分别阐述了两种回收方式的研究成果和工艺现状,并就存在的问题进行了讨论。