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21.
Toxic effect of Zn(Ⅱ) on a green alga (Chlorella pyrenoidasa) in the presence of sepiolite and kaolinite was investigated.The Zn-free clays were found to have a negative impact on the growth of C.pyrenoidosa in comparison with control samples (without adding any clay or Zn(Ⅱ)).When Zn(Ⅱ) was added,the algae in the presence of clays could be better survived than the control samples,which was actually caused by a decrease in Zn(Ⅱ) concentration in the solution owing to the adsorption of Zn(Ⅱ) on the clays.When the solution system was diluted,the growth of algae could be further inhibited as compared to that in a system which had the same initial Zn(Ⅱ) concentration as in the diluted system.This in fact resulted from desorption of Zn(Ⅱ) from the zinc-contaminated clays,although the effect varied according to the different desorption capabilities of sepiolite and kaolinite.Therefore the adsorption and desorption processes of Zn(Ⅱ) played an important part in its toxicity,and adsorption and desorption of pollutants on soils/sediments should be well considered in natural eco-environmental systems before their risk of toxicity to aquatic organisms was assessed objectively. 相似文献
22.
Pyrene and phenanthrene degradation was examined in both single and binary slurry systems for three different natural soils. It was found that the amount of total expandable clays (smectite and vermiculite) was in a good agreement with the achieved rate and extent of biodegradation. For instance, the intrinsic phenanthrene biodegradation rate was 626 microg/L/day for the soil with the largest expandable clay and 3203 microg/L/day for the soil with the least. Similarly, the smallest total pyrene biodegradation (65%) was found for the soil rich in expandable clays, compared to an 82% pyrene reduction in the soil that had the lowest amount. Mass transfer limitation after compound sorption to the clays was more pronounced for the more hydrophobic pyrene. In the presence of phenanthrene, total pyrene biodegradation increased by 2 to 7% due to cometabolism, while the total phenanthrene biodegradation was only enhanced by 0.5 to 5% in the binary system. This research demonstrated that expandable clays might govern the substrate availability to microorganisms and microbial accessibility to substrates. Therefore, the contribution of organic matter and expandable clays to sorption, desorption and biodegradation should be taken equally into account in order to better understand complex bioremediation issues. 相似文献
23.
We studied the photocatalytic activity of Ti-montmorillonite. The highest activity was found for a Ti/bentonite ratio of 10 mmol/g, prepared using HCl and calcined by microwaves. This mixture is less active than TiO2 P-25 for 4-chlorophenol removal in water, but more active for methanol removal in air. 相似文献
24.
An experimental setup which is capable of simulation as well as monitoring contaminant transport through soil mass has been
developed. Efficiency of the experimental setup has been demonstrated by comparing the results obtained from the argentometric
method. Reynolds number (Re) and the Peclet number (Pe) have been found to be less than unity. This indicates that flow of the solute through soil mass is laminar and the dominant
contaminant transport mechanism is diffusion. 相似文献
25.
Bain D. C. Tau Strand L. Gustafsson J. P. Melkerud P.-A. Fraser A. R. 《Water, Air, & Soil Pollution: Focus》2003,3(4):29-47
The chemistry, mineralogy and morphology of two soil profiles developed on till material of granitic and gneissic composition in south-western Sweden were studied in relation to podzolization processes. These soils were used for treatments with lime and wood ash. The profiles do not show characteristic Podzol morphology but qualify as Spodosols under Soil Taxonomy criteria and are probably typical for the coniferous forest soils of south-western Sweden. Podzolization features are clear but less well expressed than in classic Podzols. The distribution of major elements shows podzolization features with accumulation of sesquioxides in the B horizons and depletion in the eluvial horizons. Quartz and feldspars dominate the bulk soils reflecting the clear relationship between the composition of the soil and the underlying bedrock. Low amounts of clay contain an interlayered vermiculitic phase as the main phyllosilicate in which the degree of interlayering, known to be pH dependent, varies with depth and is at a maximum in the Bhs horizon. In the B horizons there are small but significant amounts of imogolite-type material which affect the adsorption of sulphate. 相似文献
26.
离子强度对粘土和改性粘土絮凝去除水华铜绿微囊藻的影响 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
研究了水体的离子强度对粘土和壳聚糖改性粘土絮凝去除铜绿微囊藻的影响 .离子强度的增加有利于粘土对藻类的絮凝去除 .与一般粘土除藻相反 ,壳聚糖改性粘土却在离子强度低的条件下具有更好的除藻效果 ,是适合在湖泊 ,水库和江河等淡水 (低含盐量 )水体中应用的应急除藻技术 .当离子强度从 0.17mol/L降到 0mol/L时 ,海泡石除藻率从 90 %以上降为 70 %以下(投加量700mg/L) ,而壳聚糖改性海泡石的除藻率却从 70%左右升至 95% (投加量仅为 11mg/L) .用粘度法研究了壳聚糖改性海泡石的絮凝机理 ,发现相对低的离子强度更有利于壳聚糖分子链上阳电荷的相互排斥作用 ,有利于壳聚糖分子链的舒展 ,从而可以充分发挥架桥网捕作用 ,利于絮凝除藻 . 相似文献
27.
粘土原位除藻技术研究 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
对利用当地粘土治理水华蓝藻的原位除藻技术进行了研究.实验表明,经壳聚糖改性的当地不同类型粘土都能有效地絮凝除藻,改性粘土的矿物组成和有机质成分对絮凝除藻没有明显的影响.溶液中有机质(TOC≤40 mg/L) 的存在对壳聚糖改性粘土絮凝除藻有一定的负面影响.在太湖梅梁湾水域围隔中进行的原位除藻试验表明,采用经壳聚糖改性的当地粘土除藻效果明显,在用量仅为0.025 g/L (53 g/m2)时,除藻后SD透明度由15 cm提高至90 cm,叶绿素a的去除率达到98.6%. 相似文献
28.