偶氮二甲酰胺发泡剂清洁生产评价模型

提出了针对不同工艺的偶氮二甲酰胺（ADC）发泡剂生产企业的清洁生产综合评价方案。利用逐层序关系分析法确定各指标的影响因子,采用极差标准化法对正逆向指标数据进行初步处理,使用主成分分析法对ADC发泡剂生产企业进行排名。该研究为ADC发泡剂清洁生产评价提供了一个更加客观和精确的方案。     

铅蓄电池行业清洁生产要点探讨

针对我国铅蓄电池行业现状,从铅蓄电池生产所用原辅材料、生产工艺装置、过程控制、末端治理、职业卫生、废电池回收、生产能力要求及布局等多个角度出发,对该行业开展清洁生产的各个要点环节进行了探讨研究。     

Physicochemical characterization of industrial effluents and their effect on fish survival

Abstract

Water samples taken from selected industrial drainages and receiving streams in and around Islamabad, Pakistan, during the summers of 1987 to 1990 showed disturbances in pH and low oxygen levels. Selected metals (Fe, Pb, Zn, Cd, Cu, Ni, Hg) were higher in all effluents than in receiving waters. Static bioassays of the undiluted industrial effluents from three sites caused 100% mortality in carp during the first 24 hrs. Fishes also suffered 30 to 60% mortality when exposed to other undiluted industrial effluents and some mortality when industrial effluents were diluted by 50%.     

Removal of AOX, total nitrogen and chlorinated lignin from bleached Kraft mill effluents by UV oxidation in the presence of hydrogen peroxide utilizing TiO2 as photocatalyst

Background, aim, and scope  The pulp and paper industry is the sixth largest polluter discharging a variety of gaseous, liquid, and solid wastes into the environment. Effluents from bleached Kraft mill effluents (BKME) are polluting waters to a great extent These effluents cause considerable damage to the receiving waters if discharged untreated since they have high levels of biological oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD), chlorinated compounds (measured as AOX), suspended solids (mainly fibers), fatty acids, tannins, resin acids, lignin and its derivatives, sulfur and sulfur compounds, etc. This study aimed to remove adsorbed organic halogen (AOX), total nitrogen, and lignin-degrading products in the wastewater (4,500 m³/h) from the paper mill in the pulp and paper industry, which is discharged to sea from a plant located in western Turkey. Materials and methods  The photocatalytic degradation of AOX, total nitrogen, and chlorinated lignin in BKME have been investigated in different parameters, such as time, H₂O₂ and TiO₂ concentration. In addition, for investigating the effect of chlorine on the removal of lignin, pure lignin solution was prepared in equal amounts to chlorinated lignin degradation products found in BKME. The same experiments were conducted for this solution. Experiments were carried out in photocatalytic reactor made of Pyrex glass. The mercury lamp was used as a radiation source. All irradiation was carried out under constant stirring. The existence of dissolved O₂ is an important factor which increases the photocatalytic degradation. Hence, we used an air pump for the aeration of the wastewater solutions. The temperature of the wastewater was controlled and adjusted to 25°C by thermostat pump in conjunction with a cooler. At the end of all experiments, AOX, total nitrogen and lignin concentrations were analyzed according to standard methods. All experiments were performed in duplicate and average values were used. Results and discussion  When the effect of H₂O₂ and time were investigated, it was observed that the AOX concentration increased from 3.0 to 11.0 mg/L by only UV. However, when H₂O₂ was added, AOX concentration decreased from approximately 3.0 to 0.0 mg/L. The optimal conditions for the removal of AOX appear to be an initial H₂O₂ concentration of 20.0 mL/L and reaction time of 50 min. In addition, at the same experiment conditions, it was seen that the total nitrogen concentration decreased from 23.0 to 15.0 mg/L by only UV and by increasing H₂O₂ concentration, the concentration of 20.0 mL/L H₂O₂ appears to be optimal (9.0 mg/L). The AOX, total nitrogen and lignin degradation products and pure lignin go through a minimum when the concentration of H₂O₂ and TiO₂ increases at constant pH and UV intensity. The kinetics for the degradation of AOX, total nitrogen and lignin degradation products followed a pseudo-first order law with respect to the products, and the degradation rates (min⁻¹) for the UV/TiO₂/H₂O₂ system were higher than that of the corresponding values for the UV/H₂O₂ system. Conclusions  The AOX, total nitrogen and lignin concentration go through a minimum when the concentration of H₂O₂ and TiO₂ increases at constant pH and UV intensity. It was found that the UV/TiO₂/H₂O₂ system has proved capable of the degradation of total nitrogen as well as chlorinated and degraded lignin in BKME. Recommendations and perspectives  The photocatalytic process can be considered a suitable alternative for the remove of some compounds from the BKME. Nevertheless, further studies should be carried out to confirm the practical feasibility of BKME. Another result obtained from the study is that pre-purification carried out with UV/TiO₂/H₂O₂ photocatalytic process may constitute an important step for further purification processes such as adsorption, membrane processes, etc.     

浅谈清洁生产与节能减排——以江苏省清洁生产开展情况为例

国家经济社会发展十一五规划提出了节能减排的目标,推行清洁生产,促进节能减排成为必然的发展趋势。文中阐述了清洁生产与节能减排的内涵及两者的相互关系,以江苏省开展清洁生产促节能减排情况为例,分析了江苏省清洁生产促节能减排的现状、存在问题,提出了下一步工作的建议。     

清洁生产——化工行业的可持续发展道路

从化工行业环境的现状出发,研究清洁生产在行业中的应用,提出了实现清洁生产的主要途径,阐述了开展清洁生产审核应注意的问题。结合化工企业的生产实际,着重论述了清洁生产对我国化工行业持续发展的重要性。     

大型城市污水处理厂的清洁工艺分析

随着经济的发展和环境要求的提高,清洁生产成为了环境保护的重要组成部分。本文就某一城市污水厂的清洁生产进行分析。为进行清洁生产,对城市污水处理厂的处理水量、水质及处理工艺进行了介绍分析。对污水处理过程中主要产生的污染源及处理中的薄弱环节进行分析,确定了整个污水处理过程审核重点,并详细分析了可采取的清洁生产方案,确定持续清洁生产目标。通过清洁生产评估,使污水处理厂取得更好的社会效益和环境效益,为企业的可持续发展注入了新的活力。     

我国清洁生产审核咨询机构现状分析及政策建议

对我国清洁生产审核咨询机构的主要功能、地位及其在政府与企业之间所发挥的联接作用进行了系统阐述.分析了我国清洁生产审核咨询机构的现状,总结了现阶段我国清洁生产审核咨询机构的主要特点及存在问题,并结合我国实际情况提出了发展我国清洁生产审核咨询机构的政策建议.