中国普通油茶含油率品质气候区域划分与层带研究

选用普通油茶含油率品质气象研究模式,计算分析了我国亚热带油茶主产区含油率的水平与垂直分布,进行了含油率品质气候区域和优质气候层带划分     

建筑节能与气候条件分析

通过建筑采暖与气象条件、建筑通风气象条件及空调设计与气象条件等的分析,论述了建筑节能与气候条件的关系.分析了内蒙古不同地区冬夏季气候特征,给出冬季采暖度日和寒冷、炎热日数等气象要素参数,提出了不同气候区居住建筑节能设计措施和建议.     

气候舒适度的体感分级：季节锚点法与中国案例

气候舒适度对人居环境和人类活动具有深远影响,相关的评价模型/指数在建筑设计、城市规划、人体健康和旅游发展等领域有着广泛应用。体感分级标准作为气候舒适度评价模型不可或缺的关键环节,对模型效度有着重要的裁量权,也是实践应用中最终的度量衡工具。目前体感分级标准研究和应用中异地套用和局地实测的传统做法,在制定国家尺度普适性标准时遇到较大瓶颈。本文试图提出包含“定级—定名—定点—定宽”等基本环节的“季节锚点法”这一新的体感分级思路,并基于中国1981-2010年间814个基本（基准）气象站点的日值气象数据,以温湿指数和风效指数为例开展了实证研究。研究给出了“暑—热—暖—温—凉—冷—寒”这一针对中国区域的7级体感划分标准,并具体给出了温湿指数和风效指数在各体感等级上的阈值区间,进而在此基础计算评价了中国气候舒适期和不舒适期的时间长短、空间格局及其历时变化,得到一些有益发现。未来的研究可以进一步就细分人群、测试模型和区域差异等方面的体感分级标准开展更多深入探索。     

西部生态脆弱地区农业功能区划及模式探析——以宁夏盐池县为例

西部地区农业生产自然条件恶劣,生态系统脆弱,长期以来存在荒漠化、水土流失等威胁,而该区又属社会、经济发展相对缓慢的农业地区,如何在新农村建设中既实现农业产业化、专业化,又同时满足当地建设和保护生态环境的需求、发展地区循环经济,农业资源与环境的功能区划是重要前提。论文以该区典型农业县--宁夏盐池县农业生态经济系统为例,结合数学生态学模型与聚类分析模型,在地域区划基础上进一步解析其社会、经济功能分异,探讨该县农业功能空间分异格局,结果划分为5个农业功能区,并提出实现各区农业循环经济的发展模式及相应生态建设措施。     

上海崇明东滩鸟类自然保护区规划探讨

从自然保护区规划的要素、范围划分、功能分区、综合布局等若干方面,阐述了上海市崇明东滩鸟类自然保护区规划的依据,并通过实践,对有关理论作出一定的探讨。     

大型综合气候实验室基础环境模拟系统设计

目的设计出一套适用于大型综合气候实验室的基础环境模拟系统,用于实现温度和湿度等基础环境。方法通过分析实验室功能和热负荷,并综合考虑国外气候实验室的设计特点,提出基础环境模拟系统总体方案,该系统由复叠制冷系统、载冷载热系统、循环风系统、新风系统等8个子系统组成,并完成分系统设计。结果调试结果表明,基础环境模拟系统可实现-55～74℃的温度环境及RH为5%～95%的湿度环境,并可完全支持降雪、太阳辐射、冻雨、淋雨、吹风等特殊气候试验。结论设计出的基础环境模拟系统满足大型综合气候实验室的使用要求。     

Numerous experiments for the impact of warming climate on the phenology and grain yield of winter wheat

Based on the environmental and crop data at Zhenjiang City, in Jiangsu Province, middle east of China, the growing process of winter wheat was simulated by CERES-Wheat model assuming the daily average temperature is 1℃ to 2℃ higher than at the present, which are mostly possible for the change of climate because of enrichment of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. The simulation results show that warming climate can promote development rate and shorten phenological stages of wheat, and the grain yield will be higher than present. Its impact on the kernel weight and grains per square meter were different for the plantings of various sowing dates. The results of this study suggest that substantial changes in agricultural production and management practices are needed to respond to the climatic changes expected to take place in China.     

泸沽湖沉积物α纤维素的提取及其稳定碳同位素研究初探

湖泊沉积是环境气候变化的敏感指示器 ,在沉积过程中有机大分子α纤维素不易发生降解 ,其碳链上的C、H、O原子也不会与外界发生交换 ,故沉积物α纤维素的碳同位素能真实地反映原始环境信息。湖泊沉积物中的α纤维素含量少 ,笔者经过反复条件试验 ,得出了从湖泊沉积物提取α纤维素的简便可行的方法。泸沽湖是云贵高原上一半封闭湖泊 ,湖区人为活动干扰较微弱 ,该湖对环境变化敏感。笔者提取了泸沽湖沉积物柱的α纤维素 ,并研究了其碳同位素 ,结果表明 ,α纤维素碳同位素灵敏、精确地反映了该湖一百年来的环境信息 :泸沽湖沉积物有机质以内生为主 ;气候变化趋势为冷—暖—冷—暖。     

7A04和2A97在典型气候环境中的性能演变规律研究

目的 研究湿热海洋、湿热雨林、暖湿酸雨典型气候环境对7A04和2A97铝合金性能的影响.方法 通过对7A04和2A97铝合金试样进行户外暴露试验,结合外观形貌观察、力学性能检测、化学成分分析等手段,研究7A04和2A97在典型气候环境中的性能演变规律.结果 对于7A04铝合金,经过2 a的湿热海洋气候环境试验后,表面出现均匀腐蚀,抗拉强度、伸长率下降,硬度无变化;经过2 a的湿热雨林气候环境试验后,外观形貌、抗拉强度、硬度无变化,伸长率下降;经过2 a的暖湿酸雨气候环境试验后,表面出现点蚀,抗拉强度、硬度无变化,伸长率下降.对于2A97铝合金,经过2 a的湿热海洋气候环境试验后,表面由点蚀发展为局部腐蚀,抗拉强度、伸长率下降,硬度无变化;经过2 a的湿热雨林气候环境试验后,外观形貌、抗拉强度、伸长率、硬度无变化;经过2 a的暖湿酸雨环境试验后,外观形貌、硬度无变化,抗拉强度、伸长率下降.结论 湿热海洋和暖湿酸雨气候环境对7A04和2A97易造成腐蚀,而湿热雨林气候环境对7A04和2A97不易造成腐蚀,2A97的耐蚀性优于7A04.     

Characteristics of regional climate change and pattern analysis on Ordos Plateau

The characteristics of precipitation, temperature and their combination determine the special ecological environment pattern of Ordos Plateau. Analyzing its evolutionary trend attributes to understanding the succession process of the ecological environment of Ordos Plateau and has crucial instructional significance on the ecological restoration research being conducted in this region. Four time scales, arranging from ten days, one month, one season (growing season contrasting to non-growing season)to one year were adopted to analyze the climate data which included nearly 30 years and were collected by eight weather stations on Ordos Plateau. The results indicated that the mean annual temperature and the mean monthly temperature of February, September and December, had increased significantly during the late 30 years. The annual precipitation did not show significant changes but its distribution pattern had changed obviously. The ratio of precipitation of major growing season (May-October)to annual precipitation had increased distinctively, and five counties‘ precipitation reached statistically significant level.And the ratio of precipitation of latter growing season (September)to one year decreased significantly while the ratio of non-growing season (November-next April)to one year changed insignificantly. The results showed that maybe the interaction of increased mean temperature and insignificant change of precipitation in non-growing season was one of the reasons why the desertifieation of the region was deteriorating in recent years. Using some factors closely relating to vegetation succession such as mean annual temperature, mean annual precipitation, distributive pattern of precipitation, mean temperature of the coldest month, mean temperature of the warmest month, precipitation of the warmest month,mean temperature of growing season, precipitation of growing season, potential evapotranspiration(PET) and radiative dryness index( RD1), to synthetically analyze the climate characteristics of Ordos Plateau. The regionalized Ordos Plateau to three synthetical climate types were recognized as follows: Type 1, semi-humid and low evaporation(including Jungar Banner, Dongsheng City and Ejin Horo Banner), Type 11,semi-arid, semi-humid and moderate evaporation(including Uxin Banner and Dalad Banner), Type 111, arid and high evaporation(including Hanggin Banner,Otag Banner and Otog Qian Banner).