网络环境下图书馆防灾减灾问题的探讨

网络环境下图书馆防灾减灾问题是必须引起人们足够重视的问题。通过对引起图书馆网络灾害的各种因素进行分析,从制度建设、网络业务人员的培训、制定应急预案、加大网络安全建设的投入、加强网络的软硬件管理和创建异地容灾系统等方面进行了网络环境下图书馆防灾减灾问题的探讨。     

北方典型浅水湖泊沉积物有机碳沉积特征研究—以白洋淀为例

湖泊沉积物中有机碳是全球碳库的重要组成部分,为明确浅水湖泊沉积物中有机碳的沉积特征,采集了白洋淀的沉积柱样品,利用连续提取的方法,分析了沉积物自然沉积过程中水溶性有机碳（WSOC）、热解性有机碳（THOC）、酸解性有机碳（HHOC）、碱解性有机碳（AHOC）和不溶性有机碳（WISOC）的含量变化规律、光谱组分特征及影响因素.结果显示,各有机碳组分垂直方向上含量变化规律一致,均随深度增加呈下降趋势,表层20 cm左右的沉积物中有机碳组分含量普遍较高,含量特征呈WISOC>AHOC>HHOC>THOC>WSOC.用紫外光谱的特征参数SUVA₂₅₄、SUVA₂₈₀来分析溶解性有机碳的腐殖程度和分子量大小变化规律,发现腐殖程度与分子量大小变化趋势一致,WSOC和HHOC随深度增加呈增大趋势,THOC随深度增加呈减小趋势,AHOC在0~21 cm阶段随深度逐渐下降,在21~69 cm范围随深度逐渐上升.用A₃₀₀/A₄₀₀表征 有机碳分子构成,发现THOC、HHOC主要由富里酸构成,WSOC、AHOC主要成分为胡敏酸.用A₂₅₃/A₂₀₃表征芳环取代基的种类,发现WSOC、THOC、HHOC苯环上的脂肪链发生聚合反应转化为羰基、羧基等;AHOC的芳香分子上的取代基被微生物代谢分解或转化为脂肪链.相关性分析结果显示,沉积物有机碳及其各组分之间均呈显著正相关,沉积物中的有机碳组分在沉积过程中受到类似的矿化分解作用,且有机碳及其组分含量与C/N值、pH值呈显著负相关.研究成果揭示了白洋淀区域沉积环境中有机碳组分的分布及部分转化规律,可为进一步明确浅水 湖泊的碳源-汇的转换关系结构提供数据支持.     

崇明东滩夏冬季表层沉积物细菌多样性研究

以长江口崇明东滩高、中、低潮滩夏、冬两季表层沉积物中基因组DNA为模板,PCR扩增样品中细菌16S rRNA基因V3区片段,通过克隆、测序,构建相应基因文库.系统发育分析结果表明,崇明东滩高、中、低潮滩表层沉积物共包含12个主要门类的细菌:变形菌门(Proteobacteria)(α-、β-、γ-、δ-和ε-亚群)、拟杆菌门(Bacteroidetes)、放线菌门(Actinobacteria)、酸杆菌门(Acidobacteria)、绿弯菌门(Chloroflexi)、厚壁菌门(Firmicutes)、螺旋体门(Spirochaetes)、疣微菌门(Verrucomicrobia)、浮霉菌门(Planctomycetes)、绿菌门(Chlorobi)、网团菌门(Dictyoglomi)、硝化螺旋菌门(Nitrospirae),此外还存在大量未被认知的序列.中潮滩和低潮滩的优势菌为变形菌,高潮滩的优势菌为拟杆菌.DOTUR多样性分析结果表明,崇明中潮滩细菌多样性最高,低潮滩次之,高潮滩最低;夏季细菌多样性高于冬季.夏、冬两季细菌群落差异高潮滩最大,低潮滩次之,中潮滩最小.     

稀有鮈鲫神经发育相关基因的克隆、同源性分析及组织分布

作为重要的本土模式鱼类,稀有鮈鲫神经发育相关的生物学背景几乎空白,导致其在神经毒性评价方面的应用受到限制。本文从稀有鮈鲫脑部克隆得到了神经发育相关的神经生长因子(nerve growth factor;ngf)、脑源性神经营养因子(brain-derived neurotrophic factor;bdnf)、胶质纤维酸性蛋白(glial fibrillary acidic protein;gfap)、髓鞘相关糖蛋白(myelin-associated glycoprotein;mag)、P0蛋白(myelin protein zero;mpz)、微管蛋白α1(α1-tubulin)和Y染色体性别决定基因10(SRY-box containing gene 10;sox10)等基因的片段,并对其进化树及表达谱进行了分析。序列分析表明,bdnf的核苷酸序列与鲫鱼、鲤鱼的同源性最高,均为98%;gfap、ngf、mag和α1-tubulin与斑马鱼的同源性最高,分别为95%、92%、92%和96%;mpz与黑头软口鲦的同源性最高,为94%;sox10与鳙鱼同源性最高,达97%。表达谱分析结果表明,ngf、bdnf、mag、mpz、α1-tubulin和sox10基因均在脑组织中表达量最高,gfap在脊髓中表达量最高,上述结果为这一模式鱼类在神经发育学和神经毒性效应评价方面的应用奠定了基础。     

Abundance and distribution of ammonia-oxidizing archaea in Tibetan and Yunnan plateau agricultural soils of China

As low oxygen and high ultraviolet （UV） exposure might significantly affect the microbial existence in plateau, it could lead to a specialized microbial community. To determine the abundance and distribution of ammonia-oxidizing archaea （AOA） in agricultural soil of plateau, seven soil samples were collected respectively from farmlands in Tibet and Yunnan cultivating the wheat, highland-barley, and colza, which are located at altitudes of 3200-3800 m above sea level. Quantitative PCR （q-PCR） and clone library targeting on amoA gene were used to quantify the abundances of AOA and ammonia-oxidizing bacteria （AOB）, and characterize the community structures of AOA in the samples. The number of AOA cells （9.34 × 10^7-2.32× 10^8 g^-1 soil） was 3.86-21.84 times greater than that of AOB cells （6.91 × 10^6-1.24 × 10^8 g^-1 soil） in most of the samples, except a soil sample cultivating highland- barley with an AOA/AOB ratio of 0.90. Based Kendall＇s correlation coefficient, no remarkable correlation between AOA abundance and the environmental factor was observed. Additionally, the diversities of AOA community were affected by total nitrogen and organic matter concentration in soils, suggesting that AOA was probably sensitive to several environmental factors, and could adjust its community structure to adapt to the environmental variation while maintaining its abundance.     

Effects of cotton straw amendment on soil fertility and microbial communities

Maintaining soil fertility, while controlling pollution from excessive chemical fertilizer application is important for keeping soil productivity of sustainable agriculture. Variety of straws have been used and proven to be good soil amendments for increasing soil organic matter (OM) and a range of additional soil nutrients. However, little is known about the utilization of cotton straw for soil amendment. To better understand the mechanism behind cotton straw soil amendments, investigations were performed upon cucumber seedlings, where changes to soil nutrients and microbial communities were investigated. The results revealed that the cotton straw application promoted the cucumber seedling growth by significantly increasing the soil OM, available nitrogen, available phosphorus, and available potassium. The concentration of cotton straw was positively correlated to both the number of the culturable microorganisms and also the total microbial biomass within soil. Furthermore, assessment of cotton straw application using Biolog metabolic profiling and phospholipid fatty acid analysis revealed that such application increased the microbial community metabolic activity, and markedly changed the structure of microbial community. 16S rRNA gene clone library construction and phylogenetic analysis of soil bacteria revealed γ- Proteobacteria sequences dominated the cotton straw amendment soil, comprising 27.8% of the total number of analyzed sequences, while they were less represented in control soil (13.4%). On the contrary, the Sphingobacteria (7.8%) and Verrucomicrobia (2.4%) in the cotton straw amendment soil decreased after application when compared to the control soil 15.2% and 15.2%.     

人工湿地污水处理系统春季空气微生物群落结构分析?

通过构建16S/18S rDNA基因文库,分析自由表面流人工湿地污水处理系统春季空气细菌和空气真菌群落结构特征.结果表明,空气细菌分布在变形菌门(Proteobacteria)、放线菌门(Actinobacteria)、浮霉菌门(Planctomycetes)、蓝藻门(Cyanophyta)、绿弯菌门(Chloroflexi)、拟杆菌门(Bacteroidetes)和厚壁菌门(Firmicutes),主要为β-变形菌纲(71.04%)、γ-变形菌纲(12.03%)、α-变形菌纲(3.83%)、蓝藻纲(4.38%)、芽孢杆菌纲(3.28%)和鞘脂杆菌纲(2.19%),优势菌属是马赛菌属(Massilia 66.66%)、假单胞菌属(Pseudomonas 4.37%)、蓝丝细菌属(Cyanothece 3.83%)和沙雷氏菌属(Serratia 3.28%).空气真菌主要类群为座囊菌纲(Dothideomycetes 61.18%),其次是接合菌纲(Zygomycetes 16.47%)、盘菌纲(Discomycetes 14.12%),优势菌属是核腔菌属(Pyrenophora 48.31%)、被孢霉属(Mortierella 15.7%)、缘刺盘菌属(Cheilymenia 12.4%)、Boothiomyces (4.5%).人工湿地空气微生物中未检测出大肠杆菌(Escherichia coli)、沙门氏菌(Salmonella spp.)和产气荚膜梭菌(Clostridium perfringens),但存在粘质沙雷氏菌(S. marcescens)、恶臭假单胞菌(P. putida)、表皮葡萄球菌(Staphylococcus epidermidis)等致病菌或条件致病菌.     

同步硝化反硝化系统中反硝化细菌多样性研究

采用聚合酶链式反应(PCR)和分子克隆构建nirS克隆文库对同步硝化反硝化系统好氧池中反硝化细菌多样性进行了研究.从克隆文库中随机挑选75个克隆子进行序列测定,对测序结果进行了BLAST比对.结果表明,有74个克隆子分属于3个不同的细菌类群,包括β-Proteobacteria、γ-Proteobacteria和Uncultured bacterium. β-Proteobacteria纲为好氧池内优势菌群,占文库比例的54.41%;其次是γ-Proteobacteria纲,占文库比例的25%.对测序得到的12个OTU用MEGA软件进行系统发育分析,结果显示Thauera属为该系统中最主要的脱氮菌属.     

黄河三角洲湿地土壤微生物群落结构分析

采用末端限制性片段长度多态性分析(T-RFLP)技术和16S rDNA克隆文库的方法,分析了黄河三角洲滨海湿地土壤不同深度细菌和古菌的群落结构.研究表明,随着深度的增加,细菌群落的多样性下降,而古菌群落多样性则有上升的趋势,且土壤的细菌和古菌群落结构都呈现出规律的层状分布.该土壤包括各种硫酸盐还原菌、产甲烷古菌、光合细菌等丰富的细菌和古菌资源.图5参27     

我校图书馆自动化建设的实践与思考

本文简述了我校图书馆自动化建设的历史进程，分析了图书馆自动化建设的现状、达到的效果和尚存在的问题，并针对这些问题，提出了相应的改进措施。