微囊藻毒素完全抗原的研制

为研制通用性微囊藻毒素（Microcystins,MCs）完全抗原,首先选用硫醇盐将微囊藻毒素氨基衍生化,利用戊二醛两步法合成完全抗原,戊二醛的两个醛基分别与微囊藻毒素和牛血清白蛋白上的氨基发生反应,形成稳定的Schiff碱,从而达到微囊藻毒素的完全抗原化。结果显示,偶联比在3～18：1,平均偶联比为8：1,可作为下一步免疫的完全抗原使用。     

成套装置动态风险管理专家系统

传统的设备管理模式造成设备非计划停机次数较多、故障频繁、可靠性和可用性不高等问题。为了解决上述问题,开发了成套装置动态风险管理专家系统,该系统包括动态风险监控、数据存储、失效模式及损伤机理判别、动态风险评估、风险辅助分析5个流程。该系统通过GIS平台进行展示,使用户可以直观、方便地查找、定位管线和容器位置,实现了高风险设备的风险展示、管道剩余寿命不足报警功能和管道冲蚀图例展示。将该专家系统进行了工程应用,得到容器和管道的潜在损伤机及其风险等级,针对不同风险等级的设备,生成了不同的检维修策略,为工程应用带来了很大的方便。     

Production of a monoclonal antibody and development of an immunoassay for detection of Cr(III) in water samples

In this study we report the production of a monoclonal antibody (Mab) specific for Cr(III)-chelate and the development of a competitive immunoassay for detection of Cr(III) in water samples. In the assay, the complete antigen (Cr(III)-ITCBE-BSA) was used as coating antigen, and Cr(III)-ITCBE as competitor competes with coating antigen to bind with Mab. Using this approach, the spiked water samples with Cr(III) were detected. The linear range of the detection was 0.7–12.4 ng mL⁻¹. The limit of the detection (LOD) was 0.51 ng mL⁻¹. The spiked results were also confirmed by ICP-MS, which showed a good correlation (R² = 0.997) between the two methods. The results indicated that the developed assay was reliable and suitable for the detection of Cr(III) in water samples.     

陈行水库氨氮完全混合模型研究

建立了陈行水库氨氮完全混合模型,对氨氮浓度进行了模拟预测,并讨论了结论.     

Steady-state kinetics and osillation phenomena for complete oxidation of benzene over Pt/Al_2O_3 catalyst

The steady-state kinetics for complete oxidation of benzene over has been investigated by the external recycling reactor. The kinetics equation was described by the L-H model of adsorption of benzene and oxygen with the inhibition of carbon dioxide. The parameters of the kinetics model were estimated by the method of orthogonal design. The heats of adsorption of benzene, oxygen and carbon dioxide were determined by the method of gas-adsorption chromatography. The details of oscillations of complete oxidation of benzene were investigated.     

pH控制生物膜移动床反应器完全亚硝化的研究

接种硝化污泥以优势菌种法挂膜,在DO浓度为1.5～2.0 mg/L,温度为(30±1)℃,HRT为24 h的条件下,以pH控制启动移动床完全亚硝化生物膜反应器,并研究了氨氮负荷(NLR)和水力停留时间(HRT)对系统稳定性的影响.结果表明,在进水氨氮浓度为150 mg/L的情况下,pH控制在7.7～8.2,经过10 d驯化生物膜系统达稳定的完全亚硝化状态,氨氮转化率达96%以上,亚硝酸盐积累率高于95%;NLR(以NH4 -N计)从0.15 kg/(m3·d)提高到0.24 kg/(m3·d)基本不影响完全亚硝化的稳定性,氨氮转化率高于90%,亚硝酸盐积累率始终维持在96%左右;低NLR下,延长HRT由于过度曝气导致硝化类型改变为完全硝化,然而缩短HRT仍可恢复为亚硝化.     

Removal of heavy metals using waste eggshell

The removal capacity of toxic heavy metals by the reused eggshell was studied.As a pretreatment process for the preparation of reused material from waste eggshell,calcination was performed in the furnace at 800℃for 2 h after crushing the dried waste eggshell.Calcination behavior,qualitative and quantitative elemental information,mineral type and surface characteristics before and after calcination of eggshell were examined by thermal gravimetric analysis(TGA),X-ray fluorescence (XRF),X-ray diffraction(XRD) and scanning electron microscopy(SEM),respectively.After calcination,the major inorganic composition was identified as Ca(lime, 99.63%)and K,P and Sr were identified as minor components.When calcined eggshell was applied in the treatment of synthetic wastewater containing heavy metals,a complete removal of Cd as well as above 99% removal of Cr was observed after 10 min. Although the natural eggshell had some removal capacity of Cd and Cr,a complete removal was not accomplished even after 60 min due to quite slower removal rate.However,in contrast to Cd and Cr,an efficient removal of Pb was observed with the natural eggshell rather than the calcined eggshell.From the application of the calcined eggshell in the treatment of real electroplating wastewater, the calcined eggshell showed a promising removal capacity of heavy metal ions as well as had a good neutralization capacity in the treatment of strong acidic wastewater.     

中国工业化进程中的节能估计

改革开放以来，随着中国工业化进程的推进，能源消耗（生活消耗除外）出现了较大波动，本文运用完全分解模型计算、分析了驱使能源消耗变化的经济增长效应、能源消耗强度效应与结构效应，并利用H-P滤波、完全分解模型对中国工业化进程中的节能进行了估计。结果表明，1980-2005年累计节能量为94457万t标准煤。1980-2005年中国节能缺口处于波动之中，尤其是1998年以后，受重新重工业化的影响，与潜在节能率相比，实际节能率在逐步降低，但到2005年，实际节能率大于潜在节能率，节能优先的高能效战略得到一定落实，有效控制和改善了能源的紧张状态。同时，近年来重工业能源利用效率的不断改善，说明重工业化对能源的高消耗只是一种阶段性特征，其中蕴含着巨大的节能空间，随着中国工业化水平的不断提高，节约能源，降低能源的消耗强度，有巨大的潜力。     

填料对潮汐流人工湿地中CANON作用强化的影响

为了缩短潮汐流人工湿地（TFCW）中基于亚硝化的全程自养脱氮（CANON）作用的启动进程并进一步提高该作用的强度,探究了不同种类填料下CANON型TFCW的启动性能及其微生物特征.结果表明,填料的理化特性可显著影响脱氮功能菌（尤其是ANAMMOX菌）的富集效果及其活性,进而可影响CANON型TFCW系统的启动进程及其脱氮性能.相较于公分石,陶粒、沸石、废砖块和龙虾壳均可不同程度地提高ANAMMOX菌在TFCW中的丰度与活性,进而可缩短CANON型TFCW的启动时间并提高其脱氮性能.当系统水力负荷为0.96 m³·（m²·d）^-1且以龙虾壳为湿地填料时,CANON型TFCW仅需300个运行周期即可完成启动,好氧氨氧化菌（AOB）和ANAMMOX菌为其中的两种优势脱氮菌群,且系统在稳定运行阶段对TN和NH₄⁺-N的去除率分别可达（88.37±1.19）%和（91.03±0.66）%,其次为废砖块、沸石、陶粒和公分石.