高电压电容吸附法处理模拟含盐废水

针对电容吸附除盐法的缺点，通过对电极进行绝缘处理，开发了一种新型高电压电容吸附除盐技术。实验结果表明：增大外加电压，有利于除盐效率的提高；外加电压为60V时，NaCl去除率可达90%以上；增大废水流速对吸附效果不利；反应温度对处理效果的影响不大；在NaCl质量浓度为80mg/L、外加电压为60V、反应温度为25℃、废水流速为36m/s、反应时间为30min的条件下，经一级处理和二级处理后出水的NaCl质量浓度分别为39mg/L和16mg/L，NaCl去除率分别为51.3%和80.0%。     

石墨烯凝胶电极的制备及电吸附Pb2+的性能

电吸附去除水中重金属离子具有吸附容量高和电极可再生的优点.本文采用高温水热法还原氧化石墨烯(GO)得到石墨烯水凝胶(GS)并经压片制得GS电极.本文对GS电极的电化学性能进行了测试,考察了GS电极电吸附Pb~(2+)的动力学和热力学特性,以及电极的脱附和循环使用情况.结果表明,GS电极的电化学性能优异,其单位质量比电容高达200.4 F·g~(-1)(1 A·g~(-1));提高电压有利于GS电极电吸附Pb~(2+),电压为-1.2 V时,GS电极对Pb~(2+)的去除率达96.4%;GS电极电吸附Pb~(2+)的饱和吸附量达461.20 mg·g~(-1),是不加电时饱和吸附量的2倍;施加反向电压可以实现Pb~(2+)的脱附和电极再生,电吸附-脱附15次后,电极对Pb~(2+)的去除率保持在95%以上.     

Pseudomonas sp. ZXY-1, a newly isolated and highly efficient atrazine-degrading bacterium, and optimization of biodegradation using response surface methodology

Atrazine, a widely used herbicide, is increasing the agricultural production effectively, while also causing great environmental concern. Efficient atrazine-degrading bacterium is necessary to removal atrazine rapidly to keep a safe environment. In the present study, a new atrazine-degrading strain ZXY-1, identified as Pseudomonas, was isolated. This new isolated strain has a strong ability to biodegrade atrazine with a high efficiency of 9.09 mg/L/hr.Temperature, p H, inoculum size and initial atrazine concentration were examined to further optimize the degradation of atrazine, and the synthetic effect of these factors were investigated by the response surface methodology. With a high quadratic polynomial mathematical model(R~2= 0.9821) being obtained, the highest biodegradation efficiency of 19.03 mg/L/hr was reached compared to previous reports under the optimal conditions(30.71°C, pH 7.14, 4.23%(V/V) inoculum size and 157.1 mg/L initial atrazine concentration).Overall, this study provided an efficient bacterium and approach that could be potentially useful for the bioremediation of wastewater containing atrazine.     

一种多介质层波形潜流人工湿地处理重污染河水试验

我国河流污染严重,城市黑臭水体的比率日益增加。人工湿地作为一种高效低耗能的绿色处理技术,已被广泛应用于污染河水的治理。通过对比分析分层装填复合填料的多介质层波形潜流人工湿地和单一砾石填料的普通人工湿地处理重污染河水的效果,研究了特种基质填料强化脱氮除磷作用以及不同水力负荷条件的影响。试验结果表明:在水力负荷为0.2 m~3/(m~2·d)时,普通湿地对COD、NH3-N、TN和TP的去除率分别达到55.95%、77.85%、39.80%和54.94%;多介质层湿地对COD、NH3-N、TN和TP的去除率分别达到58.52%、75.99%、67.08%和57.31%。在水力负荷为0.5 m~3/(m~2·d)时,普通湿地对COD、NH3-N、TN和TP的去除率分别达到68.46%、90.73%、42.13%和53.70%;多介质层湿地对COD、NH3-N、TN和TP的去除率分别达到69.61%、89.94%、77.58%和68.63%,其脱氮效果明显好于普通湿地。以复合填料包分层装填的波形潜流人工湿地系统具有良好的脱氮除磷效果,有很好的推广应用价值。     

Pd-MnO2 nanoparticles/TiO2 nanotube arrays (NTAs) photo-electrodes photo-catalytic properties and their ability of degrading Rhodamine B under visible light

Pd-MnO_2/TiO_2 nanotube arrays(NTAs) photo-electrodes were successfully fabricated via anodization and electro deposition subsequently; the obtained Pd-MnO_2/TiO_2 NTAs photo electrodes were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy(SEM), X-ray diffraction(XRD) and characterized accordingly. Moreover, the light harvesting and absorption properties were investigated via ultraviolet–visible diffuse reflectance spectrum(DRS); photo degradation efficiency was investigated via analyzing the photo catalytic degradation of Rhodamine B under visible illumination(xenon light). The performed analyses illustrated that Pd-MnO_2 codoped particles were successfully deposited onto the surface of the TiO_2 nanotube arrays;DRS results showed significant improvement in visible light absorption which was between400 and 700 nm. Finally, the photo catalytic degradation efficiency results of the designated organic pollutant(Rhodamine B) illustrated a superior photocatalytic(PC) efficiency of approximately 95% compared to the bare TiO_2 NTAs, which only exhibited a photo catalytic degradation efficiency of approximately 61%, thus it indicated the significant enhancement of the light absorption properties of fabricated photo electrodes and their yield of UOH radicals.     

铁锰氧化物/坡缕石复合材料吸附磷的性能

将铁锰氧化物与坡缕石黏土结合制备了复合材料FO/P、MO/P和FMO/P,由静态吸附实验研究了复合材料吸附磷的性能,考察了氧化物与坡缕石质量比、焙烧温度、溶液p H值、离子强度和振荡时间对吸附量的影响,探讨了吸附动力学、吸附平衡和机理。结果表明,FMO/P的吸附性能优于FO/P和MO/P,铁锰氧化物与坡缕石黏土的质量比为0.1的FMO/P对20mg/L的磷溶液去除率可达95%,吸附量明显受溶液p H的影响,离子强度对吸附量影响较小,磷吸附在复合材料表面主要形成内层络合物,60 min可基本达吸附平衡,过程符合pseudo-second-order方程,具有化学吸附的性质,FMO/P吸附等温线符合Freundlich方程,有不均匀吸附的性质,饱和吸附量达49 mg/g。     

军绿有机涂层破损腐蚀行为研究

目的研究不同破损程度下军绿有机涂层的腐蚀行为,确定破损率对其防护性能变化的影响。方法通过人工制作不同的破损率,并利用电化学阻抗谱技术,研究不同破损程度下军绿有机涂层的电化学特征。结果根据不同破损程度下的军绿有机涂层的电化学特征,确定了涂层从完好到失效的四个阶段,初始完好阶段(破损率K≤0.0004%)、破损增大阶段(0.0016%K≤0.04%)、破损过大阶段(0.16%K≤1%)和失效阶段(4%K≤16%)。结论破损率K为0.04%的点是该涂层防护性能急转直下的转折点,因此破损率K大于0.04%时,应及时对车辆表面涂层进行修补和防护。     

多层阻尼复合板常温贮存5年性能研究

目的分析多层阻尼复合板常温贮存5年的性能变化。方法对多层阻尼复合板进行常温下贮存5年的减振性能研究,通过贮存前后的正弦扫描试验和随机振动试验,获得贮存前后多层阻尼复合板的减振性能和模态变化,进行对比分析。结果阻尼复合板常温贮存5年后,径向模态有较大的下降,法向模态变化较少,组件上的加速度响应基本无变化。结论该多层阻尼复合板常温贮存5年后仍然满足要求。     

聚合氯化铁-聚(环氧氯丙烷-二甲胺)复合絮凝剂在模拟水处理中的混凝特性研究

制备出一系列具有不同聚合氯化铁(PFC)的碱化度(B)、不同聚(环氧氯丙烷-二甲胺)[P(EPI-DMA)]质量分数[ω(E)]和黏度(η)的PFC-P(EPI-DMA)复合混凝剂,并将其用于模拟染料废水和模拟天然地表水的絮凝脱色处理,对比探讨了ω(E)、η和B对PFC-P(EPI-DMA)中铁的形态分布及其混凝效果的影响,以及混凝作用机制.结果表明,复合絮凝剂中铁的有效形态含量随ω(E)的增大而不断降低;η=850 mPa.s时,复合混凝剂中铁的有效形态含量最高;随B值的增大,Feb含量先增大后减少,而Fec含量逐渐增大.一定程度上使用预水解程度较低、有机成分黏度较大的PFC-P(EPI-DMA)有利于混凝效果的提高,复合混凝剂中有机成分质量分数对混凝效果的影响则与处理对象有关.在模拟水处理中,复合混凝剂依靠电性中和及架桥吸附能力发挥混凝特性.     

二氧化钛复合型催化剂制备及其微波辅助催化氧化甲苯性能

实验采用溶胶凝胶法和传统浸渍法制备了TiO2-分子筛复合载体及复合载体负载过渡金属与稀土元素催化剂,通过微波辅助催化氧化甲苯的性能实验考察其催化活性.结果表明,复合TiO2明显提高了载体结构的稳定性与耐温性,并使过渡金属铜(Cu)、锰(Mn)和稀土元素铈(Ce)等活性组分在催化剂表面的分散更均匀;在复合载体吸附、吸波性能与多相活性组分催化的共同作用下,Cu-Mn-Ce/TiO2-分子筛催化剂微波辅助催化氧化甲苯的完全燃烧温度仅为175℃,此时甲苯去除率可达99％;15 h的连续性实验表明,TiO2复合型催化剂具有良好的催化活性与稳定性.由催化剂表征分析结果可知,活性组分颗粒的均匀分布与铜、锰氧化物及铜锰尖晶石固溶物等活性相的存在促进了甲苯的催化氧化,锐钛矿型TiO2较高的电子迁移速率与催化剂孔径的增大均有助于甲苯的氧化降解.