氧化塘底泥与稻草堆肥过程中养分变化研究

氧化塘污泥中含有较丰富的各种氮、磷养分,将氧化塘污泥堆肥处置后农用是一种有效的处置方式。采用静态强制通气堆对氧化塘底泥进行堆肥处理,对堆肥过程中氮磷的变化规律进行了研究。试验结果表明,堆肥过程中总氮含量下降了17.5%,总磷含量上升了47.0%,堆肥的时间以49d左右为宜。     

Heavy metal accumulation of urban domestic rubbish compost in turfgrass by EDTA chelating

Seven kinds of heavy metal accumulation of rubbish compost in turfgrass by EDTA chelating were investigated. With EDTA application, heavy metal accumulation by two species of turfgrass was increased significantly. The enrichment coefficients of Lolium perenne L（L） and Festuca arundinacea L（F） to Cr reached 9.4.5 and 6.15 respectively. In the range of EDTA dosages given, heavy metal accumulation in turfgrass increased with increasing EDTA level. There were significant differences in remediation of different metals by applying EDTA. L had high ability to accumulate Cr, Cd, Ni and Zn, showing better remediation to heavy metals of rubbish compost. In contrast, F showed high ability to accumulate Cr, Ni, Cu and Zn. Low EDTA level increased aboveground net primary production （ANP） of turfgrass, but EDTA would considerably inhibit it when EDTA was higher than 20 mmol/kg. The results demonstrated that the optimum dosage of EDTA for remediating heavy metals in rubbish compost by turfgrass was between 10 mmol/kg and 20 mmol/kg.     

城市垃圾与排水污泥混合堆肥配比的研究

配比是城市垃圾与排水系统污泥（污水厂污泥和管道污泥）混合堆肥工艺的关键参数。研究以理论和实验分析的方法，确定了合理的实验方法，即以堆反原料参数空隙率与堆肥过程评价参数（稳定周期或过程平均耗氧速率）的实验数据相关分析来确定适宜配比值域。城市垃圾与污水厂污泥适宜配比，城市垃圾与污水厂污泥、管道污泥适宜配比，分别为０．２６～０．３８、０．３～０．４（总污泥重量分率）。     

通气静态仓式污泥好氧堆肥的中试研究

将污泥、回流堆肥和木片按体积比为 1∶1∶1和 1∶1∶1 6的比例混合 ,采用通气静态仓进行高温好氧堆肥 ,在堆体温度顺利上升至 5 5℃ ,并保持 3d以上的条件下 ,堆肥产品的卫生学指标符合国家标准。堆肥过程中的含水率和有机质VS含量显著减少 ,至堆肥结束时分别为 2 1 1%、43 3%和 32 4%、2 9 8% ;而NO-3 含量明显提高 ,分别从初始时的 32 1mg/kg和 345mg/kg提高到46 5 8mg/kg和3 6 87mg/kg ,可作为本系统污泥堆肥腐熟的一个标志。     

鼠李糖脂对铜绿假单胞菌在堆肥颗粒介质中吸附与传输影响的初步研究

以铜绿假单胞菌(Pseudomonasaeruginosa)AB93066及其发酵生产的鼠李糖脂(rhamnolipid)为研究对象,通过柱淋洗实验考察了不同浓度鼠李糖脂对堆肥颗粒中单一菌属铜绿假单胞菌吸附传输情况的影响.实验结果显示,一定浓度(100～400mg·L-1)的鼠李糖脂能够有效地减弱细菌在堆肥颗粒介质中的吸附作用,增强细菌在介质中的传输和分散,使细菌得以传输到样品柱的更深层.这将有利于深层堆肥有机物的生物降解.原因可能是鼠李糖脂的存在改变了菌体和堆肥颗粒的表面性质,并且使菌体和颗粒之间产生位阻效应,减弱了它们之间的亲合性.     

垃圾堆肥资源化若干问题研究进展

堆肥是目前广泛应用且能有效的处理城市生活垃圾和污泥的方法之一 .国内外都提出垃圾处理要走资源化利用的道路 .垃圾堆肥化在许多国家和地区得到了广泛的应用 ,特别是经济欠发达地区 ,经筛选后的以有机物为主的垃圾被用来进行堆肥 .研究结果表明 ,根据城市生活垃圾的组成和热值 ,当垃圾干物质的Ｏ2 呼吸强度在 96ｈ <5ｍｇ/ｇ时 ,采用垃圾堆肥的方式来处理垃圾要比焚烧为好 ,垃圾处理要逐步达到堆肥而实现资源化为主 ,尽量减少垃圾填埋[1] .本文将就垃圾堆肥资源化过程中的若干问题进行论述 .1　垃圾堆肥的影响因素堆肥过程是多种微生物相…     

污泥和垃圾堆肥用作林木育苗基质的研究

通过容器栽培试验,用出苗率、苗木生长指标、形态质量指数、叶片叶绿素含量等4指标对污泥和垃圾堆肥替代泥炭用作林木育苗容器基质的可行性进行了研究。结果显示,污泥和垃圾堆肥可以部分替代泥炭,能明显促进苗木生长,苗木叶片中的叶绿素含量明显高于对照,且叶片的生长期较对照长。基质最佳配方为污泥堆肥∶泥炭=1∶1和垃圾堆肥∶泥炭=1∶1。基质含盐量是影响种子出苗率的因素之一,盐分含量对针叶树种的影响大于阔叶树种。含盐量高的基质在播种前应考虑淋洗脱盐。     

Release characteristics and control of nitrogen,phosphate, organic matter from spent mushroom compost amended soil in a column experiment

Spent mushroom compost (SMC) is a co-product of edible mushroom which contains abundant nutrients including organics, nitrogen (N) and phosphorous (P). This study is related to the release potential of nitrogen, phosphate and organic matter from SMC amended soil in column-based experiments. Results showed that due to SMC application, NH₄⁺–N and NO₃⁻–N concentrations in leachate decreased by 92.5% and 76.3%, respectively, while EC and COD_Cr concentrations increased by 84.2% and 481.9%, respectively, as compared to chemical fertilizers. Moreover, a minor loss of TN_cum (65%) and TP_cum (almost equal value) exhibited good nutrient retention capacity. Leaching test results demonstrated that the mixed application of SMC and chemical fertilizers could alleviate excessive COD_Cr level in SMC leachate. The release process of nutrients in SMC amended soil could be described by first/first order mixed model, indicating that nutrients leached from SMC follow a two-stage pattern.     

基于磁性纳米粒子固定技术的漆酶传感器用于垃圾堆肥中邻苯二酚的检测

以邻苯二酚为检测目标,研究了一种基于核/壳磁性纳米粒子固定漆酶的邻苯二酚生物传感器制备方法及其在城市生活垃圾堆肥中的应用.制备Fe₃O₄磁性纳米颗粒,使用正硅酸乙酯（TEOS）和氨丙基三甲氧基硅烷（APTMS）将其功能化并利用戊二醛将漆酶共价固定,借助磁场吸附在磁性碳糊电极上,检测邻苯二酚.固定在电极表面的漆酶保持了很好的活性.该生物传感器的检测线性范围为7.5×10^-7～2.75×10^-4 mol/L,检测下限达到7.5×10^-7 mol/L,达到稳态电流95%所需时间大概为70 s.将该传感器检测堆肥浸出液中酚的含量的结果与高效液相色谱法对比,两者非常接近.     

Microbial safety control of compost material with cow dung by heat treatment

Various kinds of pathogenic bacteria derived from the intestinal tract of animals exist in compost material like cow dung.In order to sterilize the pathogenic bacteria completely in compost material,the cow dung was put into a heat treatment machine in pilot plan, and harmless condition in short time was examined.The results indicated,pathogenic indicator bacteria such as coliform bacteria, fecal coliform,Escherichia coli and salmonella were all 10~6 cfu/g dw at the beginning,died rapidly when cow dung temperature rose to above 50℃,and not detected at 54-68℃for 6-24 h heat treatment.Coliform bacteria and salmonella in heated cow dung were not detected by re-growth culture and enrichment culture examination.Moreover,it was hardly influenced on the fermentation ability of composting microbe,organic decomposition bacteria.During heat treatment,the mesophile decreased rapidly and the thermophile stabilized or increased,and the most of composting microbe were bacillus in cow dung by fluorescence microscope,this indicated that bacillus was dominator and composting microbe in composting process.