Attractancy evaluation of ceralure‐B1 isomer via field captures of mediterranean fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae)

Abstract

Commercially prepared ceralure‐B1, an attractant for the Mediterranean fruit fly, Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann) (Diptera: Tephritidae), was evaluated in trapping tests by comparison with commercial ceralure and trimedlure. Jackson traps were used for medfly captures. The residual ceralure‐B1, ceralure, and trimedlure contents of aged dispensers were determined. The results of this study show that male medfly captures from traps with ceralure‐B1 were as high or higher than male medfly captures from traps with twice the quantity of ceralure or trimedlure. The use of regioselectively synthesized ceralure‐B1, enriched in B1, as a source of a more potent attractant than commercial ceralure and as a more persistent male medfly attractant than trimedlure is reported.     

集约化畜禽养殖对环境的污染及防治研究

治理集约化畜禽养殖废弃物污染,开展废弃物的资源化利用,是解决中国畜牧业环境污染问题的主要路径。文章详述了中国畜禽养殖业污染问题的产生及对环境可能造成的影响,分析了畜禽废弃物处理措施与资源化利用的主要方式及其效果和存在的问题,并提出了控制畜禽粪污染物的对策和环境管理建议,将有助于推动中国畜禽养殖业的可持续发展,改善农业生态环境及农村人居环境。     

Fractionation of Aluminum in Soil and Relation to Its Concentration in Fruits

Aluminum concentrations in the fruit samples taken from different regions were determined by atomic absorption spectrometry after dry ashing digestion. To identify the aluminum phases being most responsible for fruit-available aluminum, the soil samples near the fruit plants were also analyzed for aluminum by using various digestion and selective extraction reagents. The relation between the aluminum concentrations in fruits and in soil extracts was studied. The obtained aluminum concentrations in the fruits were in the range of 1.5 to 42.0 mg kg^-1 on dry weight basis. It was observed that the aluminum concentrations of morello cherry(R² = 0.79) and mulberry (R² = 0.99) were correlated to the aluminum concentrations in citric acid extracts of the soils. While the aluminum concentrations of the EDTA and acetic acid extracts in some soils samples include 35% and 25% of total aluminum, respectively, the other soils contain only 1–2%.     

IC厌氧反应器在苹果汁废水处理上的应用研究

通过调查运城辖区内永济安德利果蔬汁有限公司生产废水治理现状与特征,分析了对原有废水处理工艺中的UASB厌氧反应器在果汁废水处理应用中存在的缺陷并通过改造后的IC厌氧反应器在果汁废水处理中的处理工艺与原理的探讨,指出了其在实际应用过程中的优势与不足。同时,通过UASB和IC厌氧反应器在处理果汁废水中的各项应用参数进行对照,特别是IC厌氧反应器改造前后水质的对比,从而对IC厌氧反应器在果汁废水处理的应用前景做了些许展望。     

浸没式MBR技术在养猪场废水处理中的应用

采用浸没式MBR，并结合传统的A/O工艺处理高COD和高NH₃-N浓度的养猪场废水。结果表明，当废水处理站进水水质COD为9 100 mg/L，BOD5为3 788 mg/L，SS为4 490 mg/L，NH₃-N为450 mg/L时，出水COD<85 mg/L，BOD₅<10 mg/L，SS<5 mg/L，NH₃-N<5 mg/L，达到DB 31/199-1997一级标准。实验证明，浸没式MBR法可用于畜禽养殖业废水处理。     

隧道侧部集中排烟模式下排烟速率对烟气层吸穿的影响研究

排烟速率是公路隧道侧部集中排烟模式下烟气层发生吸穿现象最为直接的影响因素。为研究隧道侧部集中排烟模式下烟气层发生吸穿现象的临界条件,分析了隧道侧部集中排烟过程中排烟口处烟气层的受力情况以及不同排烟速率对烟气层吸穿的影响,并结合前人相关的研究成果,进一步分析得到隧道侧部集中排烟模式下排烟口下方烟气层发生吸穿时的临界弗洛德数。结果表明:隧道侧部集中排烟模式下排烟口下方烟气层发生的吸穿现象不同于隧道顶部集中排烟模式,隧道侧部集中排烟模式下烟气层的吸穿区域发生在排烟口下方近火源侧角落,且烟气进入排烟口时与排烟口截面存在一定的角度,由靠近火源来烟一侧倾斜通过排烟口流向排烟道出口方向,当弗洛德数小于1.28时,烟气层吸穿未发生,当弗洛德数大于1.28时,烟气层吸穿已经发生。     

基于防冲的孤岛工作面分类及应用研究

针对目前煤矿孤岛工作面冲击地压类型复杂且治理缺乏针对性的问题，提出了“分类防治”的思路，围绕导致孤岛工作面冲击的高应力这一本质原因，并综合考虑覆岩运动、地质构造、开采、空间等因素，基于防冲对孤岛工作面进行分类；将孤岛工作面分为充分采动、非充分采动、充分-非充分采动、立体、“隐性”和复合型6种类型；将该分类方法应用于孤岛工作面采前冲击危险性评估，并根据评估结果对孤岛工作面冲击地压实施分类防治。研究结果表明:该分类方法可有效控制孤岛工作面冲击地压灾害。     

微气泡曝气O3／H2O2处理RO浓水的效能及影响因素

采用O3／H2O2高级氧化工艺处理炼油厂反渗透（RO）浓水，用溶气泵加压溶气并产生微气泡强化传质，确定装置运行条件，考察气体中臭氧浓度、O3／H2O2初始摩尔比、pH和温度对O3／H2O2处理RO浓水效果的影响，并对RO浓水处理效能进行研究。结果表明，随着气体中臭氧浓度的增加，COD的去除率基本呈线性增加；加入适当量H，0，能提高臭氧氧化RO浓水的效果，O3／H2O2初始摩尔比在0～0．8范围内，COD的去除率先增加后下降，O3／H2O2初始摩尔比为O．5时COD去除率最大；pH从6．84增加到9．01，COD去除率逐渐增大，pH为10．03时COD去除率反而降低；在14～28℃范围内，温度低时，升高温度COD去除率增加较大，温度较高时，升高温度对COD去除率的影响较小。为考察该工艺的稳定性，在H：0：／0，初始摩尔比为O．5、溶液pH为8～9、臭氧浓度为80～100mg／L、温度为10-28℃条件下，对COD为90～140mg／L的RO浓水氧化处理4～10h，出水COD维持在39．9～49．9mg／L，达到《城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准（GB18918—2002）》中的一级A标准；去除1gCOD消耗031．4～3．3g，消耗0，与H，02的总氧量为2．2～4．4g。     

Detection of selected trace elements in yogurt components

The objective of this study was to determine the concentrations of Cu, Cd, Pb, Mn, Cr, Co, Ni, Zn, and Hg in the white and fruit parts of commercially available yogurts (n = 30) from Nitra markets (Slovak Republic). The results were correlated to determine their relationships. Three yogurt fruit flavors were chosen and tested, strawberry (n = 10), blueberry (n = 10), and cherry (n = 10). The elements were analyzed using atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Higher concentrations of toxic elements, such as Cd and Pb, were found in the fruit parts of the yogurt, and in some cases, the tolerable limit was exceeded. The white part of the yogurt was not contaminated by toxic elements. White yogurt is a good source of nutrients for humans, but the fruit part in yogurt requires detailed monitoring and improvements in the processing techniques.     

生草栽培对三种岭南水果种植系统的生态经济影响评价

综合运用能值、经济与土壤生态学分析方法,以传统清耕模式为对照,定量研究了生草栽培对荔枝（LitchichinensisSonn）、龙眼（DimocarpuslonganLour）和番荔枝（AnnonasquamosaLinn）三种岭南水果种植系统的生态经济影响。整合系统物质流、能量流和货币流,综合分析其自然资源基础、经济发展状况及可持续发展程度,并将土壤有机质的消耗纳入不可更新自然资源能值投入分析,为岭南水果业生草栽培与否提供科学依据。结果表明,生草栽培可以将荔枝和龙眼种植系统的能值可持续性从传统清耕模式的0．16和0．46分别提升到0．17和0．47;而使番荔枝种植系统的能值可持续性从传统清耕模式的0．59降至0．45。同时,生草栽培可提高荔枝和番荔枝种植系统的经济效益,而降低龙眼种植系统的经济效益。所有案例结果均表明,生草栽培可降低果园土壤有机质的消耗。