包裹石煤固氟燃料固氟效果的中试

选择陕西紫阳蒿坪镇相同条件地炉16户,其中8户烧用当地高氟块状石煤、石灰、粘土和低氟无烟煤粉制备的包裹石煤燃料,8户燃烧未处理的石煤,进行了中试研究.结果表明,包裹石煤组本身煤氟与渣氟比较,固氟率平均75.0%;室内空气,与普通块石煤组比较,包裹石煤燃料组氟下降了85.7%,硫下降75.0%,烟尘下降55.3%.     

张家港水环境调水实验研究及数学模型建立

为改善张家港地区河网水环境,尤其是污染严重和常年淤积的城区以及南部水系,引长江水对张家港河网进行冲洗。为确定引水能力和张家港河网的水质改善效果,在张家港进行一次调水实验,对监测成果进行了分析和讨论,使张家港河网水量水质模型得到可靠验证。     

水稻小麦种植模式下长期定位施肥土壤氮的垂直变化及氮储量

为了研究不同的施肥方式对土壤全氮变化及氮储量的影响,1981年在湖北省农业科学院南湖试验站设置了施用有机肥与化肥的长期定位田间试验,2006年水稻收获后田间取样分析每个处理不同土层的全氮含量与氮储量。研究结果表明：与对照相比,单施化肥与单施有机肥0～20cm土层土壤的容重下降,化肥添加有机肥比相应的单施化肥的容重要低一些。除了对照之外,其它处理都是0～20cm土层土壤全氮含量高于其它土层,氮肥配施有机肥处理0～20cm土层土壤全氮含量最高。除了氮磷钾肥配施过量有机肥处理外,化肥配施有机肥处理土壤的全氮含量都高于单施化肥或单施有机肥处理,20～40cm土层土壤全氮含量具有相似的规律。在0～20cm土层,与对照相比,单施氮肥及氮磷肥不能增加土壤全氮储量,但是化肥配施有机肥能够增加土壤全氮的储量。单施氮磷钾肥及单施有机肥也能够增加土壤全氮的储量。在0～20cm土层,氮肥配施有机肥处理的土壤全氮储量最多,达8.82t·hm-2,而氮肥处理的氮储量最低,仅为5.38t·hm-2。在100cm深度,与单施化肥及单施有机肥相比,化肥配施有机肥都增加了土壤全氮的储量。     

离心式除水器脱水性能的正交法实验

将正交实验法用于湿式烟气脱硫装置离心式除水器脱水性能实验中，通过对实验数据的方差分析，确定了除水器各结构参数对脱水性能影响的显著水平及最佳结构参数，实现了除水器的优化设计。     

中国可持续农业和农村发展试验示范区的建设

资源相对短缺、环境污染、农业生态环境总体形势较为严峻和人口不断增加等是制约我国农业与农村可持续发展的主要限制因子。为探索一条适合我国国情的农业与农村持续发展的道路，“八五”期间，结合不同地区的生态类型和经济特征，在全国29个地、县进行了农业与农村可持续发展的示范区建设。本文介绍了试验示范区建设的内容及特点。     

矿井竖巷内火灾燃烧模拟实验研究

简要介绍了矿井竖直巷道内火灾燃烧模拟实验系统和所进行的多次火灾模拟实验情况及其结果,研究分析了火灾时期井下几种常见的固体可燃材料（坑木、风筒布、运输胶带,电缆和煤炭等）的火源燃烧过程和特点,以及沿竖直巷道轴向上火灾烟流的温度参数在火源不同燃烧阶段的变化规律。     

Crop residue removal and fertilizer N: Effects on soil organic carbon in a long-term crop rotation experiment on a Udic Boroll

Biofuels can be produced by converting cellulose in crop residues to ethanol. This has recently been viewed as a potential supplement to non-renewable energy sources, especially in the Americas. A 50-yr field experiment was analyzed to determine the influence of (i) removing approximately 22% of the above-ground wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) residue each crop year, and (ii) N and P fertilization on soil carbon (C) in the top 15 cm depth of a fallow–wheat–wheat (F–W–W) rotation. The study was conducted from 1958 to 2007 on a clay soil, at Indian Head in sub-humid southeast Saskatchewan, Canada. Soil C concentrations and bulk densities were measured in the 0–7.5 and 7.5–15 cm depths in 1987, 1996 and 2007 and soil C changes were related to C inputs estimated from straw and root yields calculated from regressions relating these to grain yields. Two soil organic matter models [the Campbell model and the Introductory Carbon Balance Model (ICBM)] were also used to simulate and predict the effects of the treatments on soil C change over time, and to estimate likely soil C change if 50% or 95% of above-ground residues were harvested each crop year. Crop residue removal reduced cumulative C inputs from straw and roots over the 50-yr experiment by only 13%, and this did not significantly (P > 0.05) reduce soil C throughout the experiment duration. However, after 50 yr of applying N fertilizer at recommended rates, soil C increased significantly by about 3 Mg ha⁻¹ compared to the non-fertilized treatment. The simulated effect of removing 50% and 95% of the above-ground residues suggested that removing 50% of the straw would likely have a detectable effect on the soil C, while removing 95% of the straw certainly would. Measurements and model simulations suggest that adoption of no-tillage without proper fertilization will not increase soil C. Although it appears that a modest amount of residue may be safely removed from these Udic Borolls (Black Chernozems) without a measurable effect on soil C, this would only be feasible if accompanied by appropriate fertility management.     

混凝气浮处理羟丙甲基纤维素的实验研究

采用加压溶气气浮实验装置处理羟丙甲基纤维素模拟废水,实验结果表明：pH值、混凝剂用量、浮选剂用量和气浮时间对羟丙甲基纤维素的混凝气浮处理效果影响较大,当pH值为6．0,投加混凝剂硫酸铝钾333mg／L,投加浮选剂十二烷基硫酸钠2．00mg／L,气浮时间为5min时,CODCr去除率可达82．96％。混凝气浮对羟丙甲基纤维素有较好的去除效果。     

村镇生活污水强化混凝处理实验研究

采用聚合氯化铝、硫酸亚铁及阳离子型高分子絮凝剂对村镇生活污水单独处理的效果进行比较,应用正交实验方法探讨了前述絮凝剂复合使用效果。结果表明,在pH为10、PAN投药量1ml／L、混凝时间2min、搅拌转速240r／min,以及絮凝时间10min、搅拌转速120r／min时,试验污水中污染物浊度、COD、SS、NH4^＋—N的去除率分别为99．63％、84．59％、64．59％及49．52％,出水水质达到了国家农田灌溉标准（GB5084—92）,可用于农田灌溉,实现污水资源化。     

铁矿渣去除水中砷实验研究

铁矿渣是常见的廉价固体废弃物之一,以铁矿渣为吸附材料,运用环境扫描电子显微镜和X-射线衍射仪分析其形貌和矿物成份,进行静态批实验和动态土柱吸附实验。研究表明铁矿渣对高砷水中五价砷的吸附符合Langmuir吸附等温曲线,温度对吸附砷效果影响明显,较高温度有利于砷的吸附(40℃30℃20℃),温度主要影响吸附过程中孔隙扩散阶段的吸附速率,高砷水呈酸性时吸附效果优于碱性条件。土柱吸附实验当进水砷为1829.2μg/L时,进水体积比为1200倍时,出水浓度仍低于50μg/L,且出水的铁、铜、银、锌等金属离子均未超标。该论文为进一步探究铁矿渣对高砷水中砷的去除提供了实验研究支撑。