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71.
Tobias Roth Lukas Kohli Beat Rihm Reto Meier Valentin Amrhein 《Conservation biology》2021,35(6):1766-1776
Nitrogen (N) deposition from agriculture and combustion of fossil fuels is a major threat to plant diversity, but its effects on organisms at higher trophic levels are unclear. We investigated how N deposition may affect species richness and abundance (number of individuals per species) in butterflies. We reviewed the peer-reviewed literature on variables used to explain spatial variation in butterfly species richness and found that vegetation variables appeared to be as important as climate and habitat variables in explaining butterfly species richness. It thus seemed likely that increased N deposition could indirectly affect butterfly communities via its influence on plant communities. To test this prediction, we analyzed data from the Swiss biodiversity monitoring program for vascular plants and butterflies in 383 study sites of 1 km2 that are evenly distributed throughout Switzerland. The area has a modeled N deposition gradient of 2–44 kg N ha−1 year−1. We used traditional linear models and structural equation models to infer the drivers of the spatial variation in butterfly species richness across Switzerland. High N deposition was consistently linked to low butterfly diversity, suggesting a net loss of butterfly diversity through increased N deposition. We hypothesize that at low elevations, N deposition may contribute to a reduction in butterfly species richness via microclimatic cooling due to increased plant biomass. At higher elevations, negative effects of N deposition on butterfly species richness may also be mediated by reduced plant species richness. In most butterfly species, abundance was negatively related to N deposition, but the strongest negative effects were found for species of conservation concern. We conclude that in addition to factors such as intensified agriculture, habitat fragmentation, and climate change, N deposition is likely to play a key role in negatively affecting butterfly diversity and abundance. 相似文献
72.
采用氯化锂除湿转轮,对环保型开式吸附空调制冷系统进行了实验研究。实验证明,该空调制冷系统可用90 ~100 ℃的热源作动力,制冷效率可以超过40 % 。这样,利用太阳能或工业余热就可以驱动该制冷系统,减少常规压缩式制冷产生的氟里昂及热岛对空气的污染。本文取得的实验数据为环保型开式吸附空调制冷系统的中试设计提供了可靠依据。 相似文献
74.
徐州、常州市尾水用于循环冷却水的可行性研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
针对徐州、常州市资源型缺水和水质型缺水的不同特点,分别进行了尾水用于循环冷却水的可行性研究。徐州市三八河污水处理厂、常州市城北污水处理厂和武进城区污水处理厂的尾水加入三聚磷酸钠 锌盐缓蚀剂后,腐蚀速率分别为0.001412 ̄0.004521mm·a-1,0.001925mm·a-1和0.006380mm·a-1,远低于国家制定的循环冷却水系统循环水对金属的腐蚀性要求(<0.125mm·a-1)。当试验的温度较低时,形成的磷酸盐垢很少,当温度高达70℃左右时,此配方的缓蚀剂还要和有效的阻垢剂PBTCA等联合使用。城市污水处理厂尾水回用于工业冷却水,在经济和社会可持续发展上明显优于地下水,是一种较为现实可靠的利用途径。 相似文献
75.
根据对辽化聚酯一厂生化二沉池出水进行的小试研究结果.结合污水场的自然情况,提出“浮选~生物滤罐~臭氧活性炭催化氧化~快滤”处理技术路线,在辽化聚酯一厂进行了4个多月的中试试验研究。结果表明,经过处理后的出水的COD可降至13mg/L,浊度降至0.4mg/L,油含量降至0,27mg/L,总铁离子降至0.03mg/L,完全达到了循环冷却补充水的要求。 相似文献
76.
目的设计出一套适用于大型综合气候实验室的基础环境模拟系统,用于实现温度和湿度等基础环境。方法通过分析实验室功能和热负荷,并综合考虑国外气候实验室的设计特点,提出基础环境模拟系统总体方案,该系统由复叠制冷系统、载冷载热系统、循环风系统、新风系统等8个子系统组成,并完成分系统设计。结果调试结果表明,基础环境模拟系统可实现-55~74℃的温度环境及RH为5%~95%的湿度环境,并可完全支持降雪、太阳辐射、冻雨、淋雨、吹风等特殊气候试验。结论设计出的基础环境模拟系统满足大型综合气候实验室的使用要求。 相似文献
77.
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79.
本文对特大型冷却塔及冷水机组房的噪声特性进行了测量分析。根据其噪声源特性,采取了加装进排气消音器、吸声、隔声、减振等综合治理方案。治理后的实测结果表明:该项噪声治理工程投资少,达到标准的要求。 相似文献
80.
Kamal Kumar Agrawal Rohit Misra Ghanshyam Das Agrawal Mayank Bhardwaj Doraj Kamal Jamuwa 《International Journal of Green Energy》2019,16(8):598-614
Earth air tunnel heat exchanger (EATHE) is a promising passive technique to provide thermal comfort condition in buildings. EATHE system uses undisturbed temperature of the ground for heating/cooling of air. Despite the several advantages, this technique has not become much popular owing to its high capital cost (mainly pipe cost and trench excavation cost) and large land area requirements. The primary objective of this study is to present a comprehensive review of different EATHE pipe layouts, pipe properties and positioning of the pipe with their advantages and limitations. It is observed that the ring pipe layout is the most cost-effective pipe-layout for small size EATHE system because it saves excavation cost by using a trench of the existing foundation of the building. However, Grid pipe-layout is an ideal layout for a large size EATHE system. Multi-layer pipe layouts should be used to reduce the land area requirement significantly. Moreover, EATHE system can be installed beneath the building (under building foot-print) to eliminate extra land area requirement for the installation of EATHE system. This review article shows that the Initial capital cost and land area requirement for the EATHE system can be substantially reduced by using appropriate pipe layout. It can be concluded that if EATHE system is installed with proper design strategies, it will be a clean and cost-effective method for building heating/cooling with significant power savings. 相似文献