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91.
James L. Oliver Patrick L. Hudson 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》1987,23(2):257-269
ABSTRACT: Temperature and dissolved oxygen concentrations were measured monthly from January 1971 to December 1982 at 1-m depth intervals at 13 stations in Keowee Reservoir in order to characterize spatial and temporal changes associated with operation of the Oconee Nuclear Station. The reservoir water column was i to 4°C warmer in operational than in non-operational years. The thermo-dine was at depths of 5 to 15 m before the operation of Oconee Nuclear Station, but was always below the upper level of the intake (20 m) after the station was in full operation; this suggests that pumping by the Oconee Nuclear Station had depleted all available cool hypolimnetic water to this depth. As a result summer water temperatures at depths greater than 10 m were usually 10°C higher after plant operation began than before. By fall the reservoir was nearly homothemious to a depth of 27 m, where a thermocine developed. Seasonal temperature profiles varied with distance from the plant; a cool water plume was evident in spring and a warm water plume was present in the summer, fall, and winter. A cold water plume also developed in the northern section of the reservoir due to the operation of Jocassee Pumped Storage Station. Increases in the mean water temperature of the reservoir during operational periods were correlated with the generating output of the power plant. The annual heat load to the reservoir increased by one-third after plant operations began. The alteration of the thermal stratification of the receiving water during the summer also caused the dissolved oxygen to mix to greater depths. 相似文献
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In this study, the occurrence and metabolic capacities of sulfate reducing bacteria (SRB) were studied in 36 water samples taken from cooling towers of 30 different buildings, such as hotels and business centres in Istanbul. SRB were present in 14 cooling towers out of 30 (46.6%) buildings and while the lowest concentration of SRB was 10 cells/mL, the highest concentration was determined as 104 cells/mL. After the distribution of SRB within cooling towers was determined, several strains of SRB were isolated and characterized metabolically. The isolated strains were composed of vibroid cells, growing anaerobically by using sulfate as electron acceptor and lactate or pyruvate as electron donor. They could be related to the genus Desulfovibrio. In addition, the recorded temperature of water samples was between 12 and 33C and a significant relationship between the number of SRB and the water temperatures was not found. 相似文献
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M.A.S.S. Ravagnani A.R. Righetto M.F. Marquini 《Process Safety and Environmental Protection》2007,85(6):526-532
In this paper, a case study based on an industrial process of ethanol distillation was undertaken. It was aimed to improve the energy and water usage in the process. Pinch Analysis concepts were used to propose a new heat exchanger network and a study was undertaken to the water reuse. The minimization of wastewater is achieved through the exploitation of recycle and reuse opportunities by process modifications. Through these studies, a new streams circuit was obtained, which resulted in a lower consumption of steam and in a reduction in the volume of water collecting of 12 m3 to 1 m3 per tons of crushed sugar cane. Process changes and economical viability were presented. Two kinds of equipment were studied, cooling towers and aspersion tanks. 相似文献
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城市绿地夏季高温时具有明显降温作用。但现有研究侧重降温效应观测及其影响因子解析,而对绿地降温效益与人居环境需求的空间一致性鲜有研究。以上海市为例,基于高分卫星影像与样地观测数据,采用植被蒸腾吸热经验模型评估了城市绿地夏季降温效益,并利用GIS空间分析技术量化了绿地降温效益与空气温度及人口分布的空间耦合程度。结果表明:2017年上海城市绿地面积为10.45万hm 2,夏季(6-9月)绿地植被吸热量可达8.49×10 15 J,相当于节约夏季空调降温的经济价值为14.57亿元,其中46%和33%的绿地降温效益来自阔叶林与混交林;浦东新区、崇明区和奉贤区的绿地植被合计贡献了67%的降温效益,但虹口、黄浦、徐汇等中心城区绿地的单位面积降温效益较高。更需关注的是,绿地植被降温效益与人居环境需求表现出局部地区的空间不一致,其中28.62%的地区植被降温效益与空气温度处于低耦合状态,7.31%的地区植被降温效益与人口密度为低耦合水平,且均集中分布在中心城区。因此,重点提升中心城区绿地植被降温功能,并规划建设周边绿地降温效益的空间辐射通道,是上海城市生态空间优化的重要方向。 相似文献
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