废电子焊料综合利用研究

针对电子产品焊接过程中产生的波峰焊渣、SMT过程中产生的废电子焊膏及废电子信息产品回收拆解过程中产生的废电子焊料的回收利用,开发经济实用的废电子焊料综合利用工艺技术与设备。在H2SiF6-Pb(Sn)SiF6电解液中,控制游离H2SiF6在100～150 g/L,Pb2(+Sn2+)在60～120 g/L,电流密度100 A/m2,槽电压0.3～0.5 V,常温电解,实现Pb-Sn合金的提纯精制,生产出合格的Pb-Sn合金焊料。然后用常规方法从电解阳极泥中进一步回收银等贵金属。     

尿素基纤维的制备及对水中Cu2+和Cd2+的吸附

以棉纤维为原料，经氯化和取代反应，制得尿素基纤维并用于水中Cu^2＋和Cd^2＋的吸附，考察了各种因素对吸附效果的影响。尿素基纤维对Cu^2＋和Cd^2＋的吸附可用Langmuir等温吸附方程描述，吸附过程可看成单层吸附。较佳吸附条件：重金属离子溶液pH为5，流量为7mL／min。用过的尿素基纤维经2mol／L的盐酸洗脱再生后，对Cu^2＋的吸附、解吸、再吸附的性能良好，可重复使用。     

Exposure Programme on Atmospheric Corrosion Effects of Acidifying Pollutants in Tropical and Subtropical Climates

Many national exposure programmes have been performed in tropical and subtropical climates during the last 50 years. However, ambitious programmes involving more than a few countries are scarce. In this paper a recently formed network of test sites is described involving 12 test sites in Asia (India, Vietnam, Thailand, Malaysia and China including Hong Kong) and four test sites in Africa (South Africa, Zambia and Zimbabwe). This effort is part of the 2001–2004 Swedish International Development Agency (SIDA) funded Programme on Regional Air Pollution in Developing Countries (RAPIDC). Corrosion attack after one (2002–2003) year of exposure (carbon steel, zinc, copper, limestone and paint coated steel) are presented together with environmental data (SO₂, NO₂, HNO₃, O₃, particles, amount and pH of precipitation, temperature and relative humidity) for all the test sites. The obtained corrosion values are substantially higher than expected for limestone, higher than expected for carbon steel and lower than expected for zinc compared to values calculated using the best available dose–response functions.     

消防射水对导线火烧熔痕金相组织的影响

模拟火灾现场,制作不同线径铜导线的火烧熔珠,然后在不同温度下对熔珠进行冷却.利用金相显微镜对火烧熔珠的金相组织进行观察,发现铜导线火烧熔痕在不同温度下经消防射水冷却后,会出现类似一次短路和二次短路熔痕的金相组织.     

EVALUATION OF COPPER ACCUMULATION IN PART OF THE CALIFORNIA AQUEDUCT1

ABSTRACT: Copper sulfate has been used extensively in the California Aqueduct to control phytoplankton and the alga Cladophora. Since 1969 more than 250,000 pounds of copper sulfate has been added to a part of the aqueduct. Although copper sulfate is effective in controlling algae, copper tends to accumulate in the system in which it is applied. Samples of water, biota including plants, clams, and snails, as well as sediment were analyzed for copper. Results of these analyses showed that copper concentrations in the water, with three exceptions, were less than 10 micrograms per litre. Samples of plant tissue showed a 198 percent increase in copper concentration in the treated reach of the aqueduct, and clam tissue showed a 68 percent increase. Snails in the treated reach had 77 percent more copper than in the untreated reach whereas copper concentrations in the sediment doubled. None of the concentrations found are considered to be harmful to the biota.     

THE IMPACT OF URBANIZATION ON THE DISTRIBUTION OF HEAVY METALS IN BOTTOM SEDIMENTS OF THE SADDLE RIVER1

ABSTRACT: A three-year study has been conducted on a 4.6 mile stretch of the Saddle River near Lodi, New Jersey. The primary objectives of this investigation were (1) to provide baseline information on the concentration and distribution of heavy metals in bottom sediments of the Saddle River; (2) to qualitatively evaluate which parameters affect this distribution; and (3) to determine the effect of urbanization on the concentration and distribution of these materials. Significant enrichments of several heavy metals were observed in bottom sediments of the lower Saddle River near Lodi, New Jersey, as compared to the upper Saddle River. Attempts to correlate metal concentrations in bottom sediments with chemical-oxygen demand were not successful in demonstrating a relationship between these two factors. Metal concentrations were found to be strongly dependent upon particle size. In general, metal concentrations in bottom sediments increased with decreasing partical diameter. However, metals enrichment was observed to be considerably greater in the larger sediment fractions studied (>420μ) than the smaller sediment fractions as one proceeded downstream through the urban area. Since the larger sediment fractions are least effected by scour and transport they may best reflect the effect of urbanization on the distribution of heavy metals over an extended period of time at a given location.     

WATER USE AND WATER CONSERVATION BY THE COPPER MINING INDUSTRY1

ABSTRACT: This paper examines the use of water by copper mines for treating low grade ores. The froth flotation process for treating sulphide ore and the heap leaching process for treating oxide ore are described, and ways of reducing the amount of water used in these processes are discussed. Estimates of the costs reducing water consumption are given. Finally, the circumstances in which it would be desirable for a copper mine to reduce its level of water consumption are considered.     

SC菌剂对废水中Cu~(2 )去除的初步研究

用研制的SC菌剂作生物吸附剂 ,研究了其在不同菌铜比 ,pH、温度及作用时间条件下对Cu2 的去除效果。结果表明 ,在获得的最佳条件下 ,对不同Cu2 浓度的印刷电路板废水中Cu2 的去除效果明显 ,达 95 48%和 86 74%。     

Electrochemical remediation of copper (II) from an industrial effluent Part II: three-dimensional foam electrodes

A batch recycle removal of copper ions from an industrial effluent by means of copper foam cathodes was tested. A constant current of 750 A was applied to the cell in order to perform the reduction. Copper depletion was investigated at different solution flow rates and a removal greater than 98% was obtained with a flow rate of 1000 l/h. The influence of initial metal concentration on copper deposition and current efficiency is also discussed.