水稻籽实中蛋白质-Cd、Pb结合体及其稳定性

通过凝脱层析方法，对水稻籽实中的蛋白质－Cd,Pb结合形态特征及其稳定性进行了研究。结果表明；水稻籽实TrisHCl提取液经SephadexG-75分 离，洗脱液得到3个紫外吸收峰，在第1、3峰处出现了Cd、Pb浓度峰，其蛋白质－Cd、Pb结合体的表观分子量为54.5KD和5.5KD。在蒸煮加热处理后，水稻籽实中蛋白质－Cd、Pb结合体发生变性，使分子量为54.5KD的蛋白质－Cd,Pb结合体完全破坏，分子量为5.5KD的结合体也部分地被破坏，与蛋白质结合的Cd ,Pb被释放出来。胃蛋白酶和胰蛋白酶消化处理后，也能够破坏蛋白质－Cd,Pb结合体的形态，洗脱液中Cd,Pb的浓度分布也发生了变化，在第1、3紫外吸收峰处的Cd、Pb浓度也明显降低。另外，在第3峰以后的洗脱液中也检测到Cd、Pb的浓度。     

Barley lipid-transfer protein as heavy metal scavenger

A lipid-transfer protein was isolated from a domestic cultivar of brewers barley grain, Hordeum vulgare. The presence of Cu (II), Pb (II), Cd (II) and Zn (II) ions in its structure and its ability to bind Hg (II) and Ni (II) ions is known. We investigated its ability to bind other metal ions by differential pulse polarography. Here we demonstrate that the lipid-transfer protein has an affinity to bind Co (II) and Pb (II) and has no affinity towards Cd (II), Cu (II), Zn (II) and Cr (III). These results suggest a new possible role of barley lipid-transfer protein for phytoextraction.Selected article from the Regional Symposium on Chemistry and Environment, Krusevac, Serbia, June 2003, organised by Dr. Branimir Jovancicevic     

Enhanced adsorption of arsenate on titanium dioxide using Ca and Mg ions

In this study, we report the effects of pH and divalent cations on the adsorption of arsenate (As(V)) by titanium dioxide (TiO₂) nanoparticles. The extent of As(V) adsorption on TiO₂ decreased with increasing pH due to the decrease of positively charged binding sites on the TiO₂ surface. The Langmuir maximum uptake capacity at pH 4 is about three times higher than that at pH 7. Here we show that the relatively low As(V) uptake at circumneutral pH could be substantially enhanced by the addition of common divalent cations such as magnesium and calcium. At a concentration of approximately 7 mM, magnesium and calcium increased the extent of As(V) adsorption from 2.1 to 6.5 and 7.7 mg As(V)/g TiO₂, respectively.     

大孔树脂共价固定化漆酶及其对孔雀石绿的脱色研究

以大孔树脂为固定化载体,戊二醛为表面活化剂,采用共价结合法固定漆酶。以ABTS为漆酶底物,通过对固定化漆酶活性的测定,确定大孔树脂固定漆酶的最佳固定条件为：戊二醛浓度=2%、pH=6、活化时间=2 h、固定时间=10 h。在此条件下制备的固定化漆酶能够保持79%的初始活性,获得的固定化漆酶活力能够达到1．94 U·g-1。在酸性条件(pH=3)下,游离漆酶的活性在3 h内丧失71%,而固定化漆酶仅丧失37%,显示出固定化漆酶良好的环境稳定性。固定化漆酶对孔雀石绿染料的脱色率在5h内可达到96%。     

纤维素降解复合菌系中纤维结合蛋白的分离及鉴定

采用亲和消化法分离纯化了纤维素降解复合菌系中的纤维素结合蛋白,纯化后的纤维结合蛋白液经SDS-PAGE(聚丙烯酰氨凝胶电泳)后得到13条条带(命名为CBP1~13),通过对其进行酶谱分析,发现低分子量的蛋白主要表现CMC(羧甲基纤维素钠)酶活性,而高分子量(66~200 k Da)的蛋白兼有CMC酶和木聚糖酶的活性,其中纤维结合蛋白CBP6表现出的木聚糖酶和CMC酶活性最强.这些条带经质谱鉴定后被确定由8种蛋白组成,除CBP4为Paenibacillus sp.分泌的木聚糖酶5外,其余的蛋白均由C.clariflavum DSM 19732所产生,其中CBP1~3为β-1,4木聚糖酶,CBP5,6为碳水化合物结合蛋白,CBP7~9,11,12为锚定蛋白,CBP10和CBP13为未知蛋白.通过结构域预测,发现除纤维结合蛋白CBP13外所有的蛋白均具有一种催化结构域,分别隶属于第8、9、10及48家族的糖苷水解酶,而部分蛋白(CBP1,2,4~6)还具有碳水化合物结构域或者锚定蛋白结构域(CBP5~12).     

Removal of heavy metals from aqueous solution by sawdust adsorption

The adsorption of lead, cadmium and nicel from aqueous solution by sawdust of walnut was investigated. The effect of contact time, initial metal ion concentration and temperature on metal ions removal has been studied. The equilibrium time was found to be of the order of 60 min. Kinetics fit pseudo first-order, second-order and intraparticle diffusion models, hence adsorption rate constants were calculated. The adsorption data of metal ions at temperatures of 25, 45 and 60~C have been described by the Freundlich and Langmuir isotherm models. The thermodynamic parameters such as energy, entropy and enthalpy changes for the adsorption of heavy metal ions have also been computed and discussed. Ion exchange is probably one of the major adsorption mechanisms for binding divalent metal ions to the walnut sawdust. The selectivity order of the adsorbent is Pb（I1）~Cd（II）〉Ni（I1）. From these results, it can be concluded that the sawdust of walnut could be a good adsorbent for the metal ions from aqueous solutions.     

Interaction of DNA with aromatic hydrocarbons fraction in atmospheric particulates of Xigu District of Lanzhou, China

Voluminously epidemiological studies show that the relationships exist between the air pollution and human health and cancer. Aromatic hydrocarbons(AHs)in air form a large class of organic pollutants,which are widely in environment and many of them are known to be carcinogenic and/or mutagenic and contribute to ambient air pollution.In the past decades,bioassays mainly have been used to evaluate the toxicity of chemical mixtures in atmospheric particulates or aqueous environment.However,it is well known that the covalent complexes formed by carcinogens with DNA may be exert negative results in bioassay.So the main aim of this paper is to develop an evaluation method of toxicity effects of chemical mixtures in atmospheric particulates from chemical standpoint.In this study,the in vitro interaction of the AHs with DNA was investigated by absorption,fluorescence and resonance light scattering (RLS)spectroscopic techniques.The results showed that the AHs in the atmospheric particulates could combine with calf thymus DNA(ctDNA)and herring sperm DNA(hsDNA)without being activated or metabolized by organism,respectively.Intercalation may be present in the mechanism of interaction.The binding constants of the AHs with ctDNA and hsDNA were 2.5×10~2 and 2.0×10~3, respectively,which indicated that the interaction of the AHs with hsDNA is stronger than that with ctDNA.In addition,the relationships of dose-effect between the total mole concentration of chemical components and the ability of binding ctDNA and hsDNA were confirmed.This research made it possible to study the toxicity effects of chemical mixtures in atmospheric particulates by chemical method.It is believed that the composition and contents of unknown AHs and the interaction of DNA with AHs in atmospheric particulates of Xigu District of Lanzhou City,China are first reported in the past twenty years.     

固定化酶制备方法研究进展

对固定化酶的主要制备方法进行了系统的阐述,根据作者本人的试验经验对目前应用的研究得较多的方法作了详细的说明,对所阐述的各种固定化酶的制备方法的优缺点进行了比较。     

Heavy metal binding fractions in the sediments of the Godavari estuary,East Coast of India

Sequential chemical extraction was used to study the operationally determined chemical forms of five heavy metals (Pb, Cu, Zn, Co and Ni) and their spatial distribution in the sediments. The binding behaviour of heavy metals associating with Fe–Mn oxides showed a good correlation towards Cu, Zn and Co, but moderate linear dependence with Ni and Pb. Among the five metals, correlation between Fe–Mn oxide bound Cu and Fe–Mn oxides (r = 0.95) is highest. The coefficient of determination (r ²) in organically bound heavy metals versus organic matter (OM) ranges from 0.772 to 0.952, which indicates a good linear dependence. The OM fraction in the sediments is more accessible to heavy metals and is the major ligand available for complexation. In particular, Zn and Cu are preferentially bound to OM. In general, Zn co-precipitation with carbonates is the dominant chemical form when Fe–Mn oxide and OM are less abundant. In this study, however, carbonates were less abundant, hence Zn bound to carbonates was less pronounced. Based on the results, even if the excessive binding sites are contained in the sediments, competition of various complexation reactions between sediment phases and heavy metals could dominate metal association.     

固定化微生物对河水的脱氮效果研究

研究了不同方法制作的固定化微生物颗粒对于河水的脱氮效果,实验证明,采用聚乙烯醇-活性炭包埋法制作的固定化微生物颗粒(IMPⅠ)与聚乙烯醇-聚乙二醇包埋法制作的固定化微生物颗粒(IMPⅡ)的脱氮效果较好,但由于包埋材料在河水中的溶出造成COD急剧升高,会对河水造成二次污染.利用载体结合法制作的固定化微生物(IMPⅢ)进行5个周期的河水净化实验,结果发现,COD的去除率维持在75%～95%,氨氮的去除率为45%～95%,硝酸盐氮的去除率维持在95%～100%,亚硝酸盐氮的去除率为70%～99%,总氮的去除率保持在55%～80%.研究表明,载体结合法制作的固定化微生物颗粒稳定性好、强度高、微生物活性良好,颗粒可多次重复使用,在河水净化方面有良好的应用前景.