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人粪便好氧堆肥过程中典型抗生素的消减特性 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1
以人粪便和锯末为试验材料,进行3种不同温度(55℃、35℃和无温控)控制条件下的好氧堆肥试验,对比温度对堆肥过程中4种人们大量应用的抗生素(四环素、金霉素、磺胺嘧啶和环丙沙星)消减特性的影响.同时分别对抗生素在水环境、锯末载体和人粪便加锯末堆肥中的降解进行针对性试验,分析人粪便好氧堆肥中影响抗生素降解的主要因素或作用,并对其贡献进行了评价.结果表明,4种抗生素在高温堆肥中的去除效果最好,其去除率都在90%以上.相比磺胺嘧啶和环丙沙星,金霉素和四环素的降解对堆肥温度依赖更强.四环素和金霉素在堆肥中的去除主要为水解作用导致的去除,而磺胺嘧啶和环丙沙星的去除则主要归因于锯末有机质对其吸附的影响.与其它3种抗生素不同,微生物作用对堆肥中环丙沙星降解的影响是重要的,贡献率接近20%. 相似文献
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四环素对人粪便好氧堆肥过程及微生物群落演替的影响 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
以人粪便和锯末为实验材料,研究了四环素(TC)对好氧堆肥过程中理化性质、酶活性以及微生物群落演替的影响.实验共设4个处理:CK(不添加TC)、TC100(100 mg·kg~(-1)TC)、TC250(250 mg·kg~(-1)TC)和TC500(500 mg·kg~(-1)TC).采用高通量16S rRNA基因测序技术对堆肥中微生物群落结构进行分析.结果表明,TC对堆肥理化性质的影响与其浓度有关,堆肥中TC浓度的增加显著抑制了堆肥温度的升高,增加了水溶性碳(WSC)的残留,降低了种子发芽率(GI)并抑制了脱氢酶活性(DHA).堆肥温度、WSC、GI和DHA等堆肥参数都可以用来表征堆肥的腐熟度,以上结果表明堆肥中TC浓度高达500 mg·kg~(-1)时,TC阻碍了人粪便好氧堆肥过程并影响堆肥产物的腐熟.而且,TC浓度的增加显著改变了堆肥中的微生物群落演替,降低了微生物的多样性和丰度.TC对堆肥过程和堆肥产物腐熟的主要不利影响是对微生物群落结构的干扰和对生物活性的抑制. 相似文献
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Aerobic composting is a method for the sanitary disposal of human feces as is used in bio-toilet systems. As the products of composting can be utilized as a fertilizer, it would be beneficial if the composting conditions could be more precisely controlled for the retention of fecal nitrogen as long as possible in the compost. In this study, batch experiments were conducted using a closed aerobic thermophilic composting reactor with sawdust as the bulk matrix to simulate the condition of a bio-toilet for the sanitary disposal of human feces. Attention was paid to the characteristics of nitrogen transformation. Under the controlled conditions of temperature at 60°C, moisture content at 60%,anda continuous air supply, more than 70% fecal organic removal was obtained, while merely 17% fecal nitrogen loss was observed over a two-week composting period. The nitrogen loss was found to occur mainly in the first 24 h with the rapid depletion of inorganic nitrogen but with an almost unchanged organic nitrogen content. The fecal NH4-N which was the main component of the inorganic nitrogen ( > 90%) decreased rapidly in the first day, decreased at a slower rate over the following days, and finally disappeared entirely. The depletion of NH4-N was accompanied by the accumulation of NH3 gas in the ammonia absorber connected to the reactor. A mass balance between the exhausted NH3 gas and the fecal NH4-N content in the first 24 hours indicated that the conversion of ammonium into gaseous ammonia was the main reason for nitrogen loss. Thermophilic composting could be considered as a way to keep a high organic nitrogen content in the compost for better utilization as a fertilizer. 相似文献
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牛粪堆肥系统环境因子对抗性基因的影响 总被引:3,自引:2,他引:1
本研究利用实时定量PCR技术检测牛粪60 d好氧堆肥过程中典型四环素类抗性基因(tet Q、tet W、tet M、tet G、tet A和tet X)和大环内酯类抗性基因(erm35、erm36、erm B、erm F、erm T和erm X)的数量变化规律,系统研究了温度、含水率、挥发性有机质(VS)含量、碳氮比(C/N)、pH值、氧化还原电位(ORP)等堆肥系统环境因子和细菌数量(TCB)对这两类典型抗生素抗性基因的影响.结果表明,堆肥升温阶段牛粪中tet Q、tet W、tet G和tet X数量分别增加1. 7、0. 3、84. 8和4. 5倍,而tet M丰度降低了83. 1%;堆肥腐熟阶段牛粪中tet G和tet X数量分别增加23. 8和11. 5倍,而tet W、tet Q和tet M数量均降低90%.整个牛粪堆肥过程中erm35、erm36、erm B、erm F、erm T和erm X丰度分别增加2. 1、430. 4、0. 6、11. 5、2. 1和49. 1倍. RDA分析表明,牛粪堆肥过程中对四环素与大环内酯类抗性基因数量影响较大的3个环境因子分别为:ORP(54. 8%)、温度(34%)和VS(11. 3%),其中ORP与erm X和erm B、温度与tet Q和erm F以及VS与tet W数量均呈明显地正相关. 相似文献
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黄军 《环境保护与循环经济》2021,41(1)
将某种同位素发生器用于示踪测井的贮存、运输、淋洗及现场测井各阶段,通过开展不同阶段放射性水平调查,对调查结果进行剂量估算与现状评价,掌握113Sn-113mIn同位素发生器用于示踪测井过程对环境及人员造成的辐射危害。 相似文献
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Lucía Emilia Iglesias Carlos Saumell Federica Sagüés Juan Manuel Sallovitz Adrián Luis Lifschitz 《Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B》2018,53(1):42-48
The aim of this work was to evaluate the fate of ivermectin (IVM) at two concentrations in cattle feces and its movement to the nearby soil and plants. Feces were spiked with IVM at two levels: 3000 ng g?1 (high group, HG) and 300 ng g?1 (low group, LG). Artificial dung pats were prepared and deposited in an experimental field area. Feces and underlying soil were sampled up to 60 days post-deposition (dpd). As an additional analysis, grasses growing around the pats were sampled at 30 and 60 dpd. Ivermectin concentrations in all matrices were determined by HPLC. Mean IVM fecal concentrations were in the range between 3901.9 ng g?1 and 2419.2 ng g?1 (high group) and 375.3 ng g?1 and 177.49 ng g?1 (low group). Mean times for 50% and 90% dissipation were 88.23 and 293.03 days (HG) and 39.1 and 129.9 days (LG). Soil concentrations ranged from 26.1 ng g?1 to 71.1 ng g?1 (HG) and 3.4 to 5.9 ng g?1 (LG); in plants, concentrations were between 71.4 and 380.8 ng g?1 and 5.40 and 51.8 ng g?1 in HG and LG, respectively. These results confirm that IVM moves from feces to the underlying soil as well as to nearby plants. The potential risk of detrimental effects on soil organisms and the impact on herbivorous animals should be further evaluated. 相似文献
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