Photodegradation of the herbicide goal

Photodegradation products of the herbicide Goal active ingredient were obtained with a xenon lamp and analyzed using direct inlet mass spectrometry, MS/MS and GC/MS. A number of products were identified and their generation pathways were established to be mainly Ar—O bond cleavage, dechlorination and photocyclisation. The latter process gives chlorinated and unchlorinated dibenzofurans some of which may be toxic.     

十溴联苯醚(BDE-209)对紫红笛鲷鳃抗氧化酶活性的影响

十溴联苯醚(BDE-209)是目前唯一仍在全球范围内广泛使用的多溴联苯醚阻燃剂,其环境行为及生物效应逐渐成为环境污染领域研究的热点。选用2(LD组)、10(MLD组)、50(MHD组)及250μg.L-1(HD组)4个浓度的BDE-209作用于紫红笛鲷,探讨BDE-209对紫红笛鲷鳃抗氧化酶(SOD、CAT及POD)活性和MDA含量的影响。结果显示:BDE-209可以显著促进SOD和CAT活性,且随着暴露时间延长CAT活性呈现逐渐增加的趋势。暴露7d后,MLD组SOD活性达到最高68.31U.mg-1,是对照组(CK)的5.50倍,HD组CAT活性达到6.31U.mL-1,其次为MHD组的5.96U.mL-1。BDE-209对鳃POD活性呈现先促进后抑制的作用,暴露3d时各浓度POD活性均显著高于CK组(P<0.05);7d时各浓度POD活性则受到显著抑制(P<0.05),清水恢复15d后各浓度组与CK组没有显著差异(P>0.05)。暴露期间各浓度组MDA含量均显著高于CK组(P<,并且随暴露时间延长呈现先增加后减少的趋势,7d后HD组MDA含量达到最高,为6.99nmol.mg-1,清水恢复15d后,LD和MLD组MDA含量与CK组没有显著性差异(P>0.05)。以上结果表明:BDE-209可以诱导紫红笛鲷产生氧化应激效应,CAT和SOD则在氧自由基清除中发挥作用。     

2,2’,4,4’-四溴联苯醚对大型溞的毒性效应

以实验室培养的大型溞为受试生物,进行了2,2’,4,4’-四溴联苯醚(BDE-47)对大型溞的48h急性毒性实验和21d慢性毒性实验,并研究了暴露在不同质量浓度和处理时间的BDE-47中,大型溞的抗氧化酶系中的超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和谷胱甘肽硫转移酶(GST)的酶活性变化。结果表明,BDE-47对大型溞的48h的半致死浓度为1.04mg·L-1,属于高毒物质;在BDE-47慢性毒性实验低浓度处理组中,大型溞的体长及繁殖能力受到了抑制,而高浓度处理组中大型溞的体长及繁殖能力上升,其中第一次产仔数和产卵总数是表征BDE-47慢性毒性的最灵敏参数。随着BDE-47浓度的增加,大型溞SOD和GST活性均呈现出低浓度诱导高浓度抑制的现象。SOD和GST均表现出一定的敏感性,但相对SOD,GST对BDE-47暴露更为敏感。     

树脂D001负载纳米Pd/Fe双金属脱溴2,2’,4,4’-四溴联苯醚(BDE-47)的研究

采用大孔树脂D001交换吸附Pd2+、Fe2+并在厌氧条件下以硼氢化钠溶液还原吸附的钯铁离子制备成负载纳米Pd/Fe双金属树脂。利用该树脂对2,2’,4,4’-四溴联苯醚(BDE-47)进行脱溴反应,探讨了该法的可行性和特性。结果表明:当大孔树脂D001、氯化钯、硫酸亚铁用量分别为0.75 g、2μg和0.2 g时所制备的双金属树脂脱溴水-乙醇溶液中的BDE-47效果最佳,反应遵循准一级动力学,速率常数k约为0.161 d-1,半减期为1.21 d。负载Pd/Fe的D001连续3次脱溴反应都有较好的效果,水-乙醇溶液中超过90%以上的BDE-47在反应6 d后被降解。负载Pd/Fe双金属的树脂可以重复活化再生,但再生2次后其脱溴效率变差,反应6 d只有47.3%的BDE-47被降解。用气相色谱-质谱联用仪和离子色谱仪跟踪Pd/Fe双金属树脂脱溴BDE-47反应,可知产物包括溴离子、三溴联苯醚、二溴联苯醚、一溴联苯醚和联苯醚。     

Removal of decabromodiphenyl ether (BDE-209) by sepiolite-supported nanoscale zerovalent iron

Nanoscale zerovalent iron (nZVI) synthesized using sepiolite as a supporter was used to investigate the removal kinetics and mechanisms of decabromodiphenyl ether (BDE-209). BDE-209 was rapidly removed by the prepared sepiolite-supported nZVI with a reaction rate that was 5 times greater than that of the conventionally prepared nZVI because of its high surface area and reactivity. The degradation of BDE-209 occurred in a stepwise debromination manner, which followed pseudo-first-order kinetics. The removal efficiency of BDE-209 increased with increasing dosage of sepiolite-supported nZVI particles and decreasing pH, and the efficiency decreased with increasing initial BDE-209 concentrations. The presence of tetrahydrofuran (THF) as a cosolvent at certain volume fractions in water influenced the degradation rate of sepiolite-supported nZVI. Debromination pathways of BDE-209 with sepiolite-supported nZVI were proposed based on the identified reaction intermediates, which ranged from nona- to mono-brominated diphenylethers (BDEs) under acidic conditions and nona- to penta-BDEs under alkaline conditions. Adsorption on sepiolite-supported nZVI particles also played a role in the removal of BDE-209. Our findings indicate that the particles have potential applications in removing environmental pollutants, such as halogenated organic contaminants.     

重锤式防碰天车装置改进设计

我国石油矿场普遍使用重锤式防碰天车装置，针对其使用过程中存在的问题，经改进设计后，生产出结构简单而新颖的双重锤式防碰天车装置。经现场试验表明，该装置具有刹车灵敏、安全、可靠性高、寿命长、限位调整方便、制造成本低和技术经济效益和社会效益显著等优点，深受现场使用者的欢迎     

Harmonisation and Standardisation in Multi-National Environmental Statistics – Mission Impossible?

Multi-national statistics are frequently based on data, whichoriginate from national surveys. The systems of nomenclatureapplied for key attributes often show national differences.Different error sources which are incorporated in multi-nationalstatistics are discussed. The paper presents approaches forharmonisation and standardisation of multi-nationalenvironmental statistics and gives examples from the forestrysector. The effect of differences of national forest areaestimates on multi-national figures is quantified. An examplefrom forest health surveys is presented that shows the impact ofdifferent interpretation and application of the attribute crown transparency that is already harmonised on theEuropean level.     

Photocatalytic decomposition of mobile-source related pollutants using a continuous-flow reactor

This study evaluated the application of a continuous-flow photocatalytic reactor for the control of two mobile-derived pollutants, methyl-tertiary butyl ether (MTBE) and naphthalene, present at in-vehicle levels. Variables tested for this study included the hydraulic diameter (HD), stream flow rate (SFR), relative humidity (RH), and feeding type (FT). The fixed parameters included contaminant concentration, ultraviolet light source, and the weight of TiO2. In all experimental conditions the adsorption proce...     

微波萃取-气相色谱/质谱测定底泥中多溴联苯醚

文章建立微波萃取,复合硅胶氧化铝层析柱净化,气相色谱-负化学离子源质谱(GC-NCI-MS)检测对环境底泥样品中七种多溴联苯醚(PBDEs)单体定量分析的方法。底泥样品经25 mL正己烷:丙酮(1:1)萃取剂微波萃取10 min,过复合层析柱净化,70 mL正己烷:二氯甲烷(1:1)洗脱和浓缩后,加入内标物PCB-103后进行内标定量分析,7种PBDEs单体的平均基质加标回收率均值为88.6%~96.7%,相对标准偏差为1.9%~9.3%,方法检出限均小于0.06 ng/g,方法具有良好的重现性,较好的回收率和较高的灵敏度。所建立的分析方法体系已用于长江口近岸沉积物中7种PBDEs残留量的检测,四个实际样品中添加回收率指示物PCB-209,其回收率范围为79.5%~109.6%,相对标准偏差为5.2%~16.5%。     

化固定化Methylibium petroleiphilum PM1细胞降解MTBE及动力学特性分析

采用海藻酸钙包埋固定化高效降解菌Methylobium petroleiphilum PM1降解水相中的甲基叔丁基醚(MTBE),考察了不同强化方法对凝胶颗粒机械强度和降解活性的影响.响应面结果表明,交联剂和培养基中Ca2+浓度分别为0.2 mol·L-1和1.38mmol·L-1,化学交联剂聚乙烯亚胺(PEI)浓度为...