反萃取双波长光度法测定水中微量酚类和芳胺

研究了乙醚萃取,１０％ＮａＯＨ溶液和１０％ＨＣｌ溶液反萃取,４－氨基安替吡啉（４－ＡＡＰ）双波长光度法同时测定污水中酚类和芳胺含量的分析方法。提高了测定灵敏度,有效地消作多种干扰物质的干扰,可测定０．００３－６．０ｍｇ·Ｌ＾－１的酚类和０．０００８－０．５ｍｇ·Ｌ＾－１的芳胺加标回收率,苯酚１０１％￣１０８％,苯胺９６％￣１０７％。酚类测定与国标的相对误差≤６．５％,芳胺类测定结果与相应国标法的误     

Determination of methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE) in Chinese fuels by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry and gas chromatography/flame ionization detector

A method was developed to determine the concentration of methyl tert-butyl ether(MTBE) in gasoline,diesel and heating oil by gas chromatography(GC) with mass spectrometry(GC-MS) or flame ionization detection(FID). The diluted gasoline was directly injected into the GC, and the complete separation of MTBE from co-eluting hydrocarbons was not required. GC/MS or GC/FID method can be used to analyze MTBE in different concentration range and have good consistency.     

用上流式生物反应器降解甲基叔丁基醚

用上流式生物反应器（UFBR）降解甲基叔丁基醚（MTBE），研究了水力停留时间（HRT）和进水中MTBE质量浓度对MTBE去除率的影响。实验结果表明：在进水中MTBE质量浓度为25mg／L、HRT为18．6h的条件下，MTBE的去除率为84．13％；在HRT为18．6h、进水中MTBE质量浓度低于15mg／L的条件下，MTBE的去除率达92％以上。UFBR符合Eckenfelder动力学模型。     

甲基叔丁基醚的污染治理技术研究进展

甲基叔丁基醚(MTBE)是一种无铅汽油添加剂,其广泛使用造成了土壤和地下水污染;同时对人类有可疑致癌作用,因此成为人们关注的焦点.对近年来国外MTBE的污染治理技术研究进展进行了综述,并对主要方法进行了对比.在适宜的微生物存在条件下,MTBE的生物降解是可以发生的;植物修复技术可用于地下水和土壤污染治理;物理化学方法种类繁多,包括吸附和高级氧化等,其处理效率高成本也较高;新的处理技术如渗透性活性障壁PRB、膜分离/催化技术等也在研究之中.     

地下水浅埋区某加油站特征污染物空间分布简

加油站渗漏污染地下水已经是一个世界性的问题。由于浅埋区加油站储罐与地下水密切接触，更加剧储罐的腐蚀。为揭示加油站渗漏的典型污染物石油烃（TPH）、苯系物（BTEX）、萘和甲基叔丁基醚（MTBE）在该水文地质条件下的迁移变化，在浅埋区某加油站开展了平、枯、丰水期的地下水监测工作。在水平分布上，TPH、BTEX、萘基本相似，均在加油岛附近形成高浓度区，而MTBE则更易随地下水流动而迁移，呈现出不同的污染晕。在垂直分布上，地下水的水位变动是污染物浓度分布的主要影响因素。     

脂肪醇醚羧酸盐的合成

介绍了脂肪聚氧乙烯醚（０～１５）羧酸盐的合成和性能。通过正交确定了较佳的合成工艺条件，并对其进行红外光谱的实验测试。     

隧道围岩应变非线性回归分析

本文以小岩头隧道为依托,根据监控工作的实测资料,按照新奥法基本原理中岩体开挖的时间效应,应用数学的方法对量测所得的净空收敛数据进行回归分析,指出在隧道开挖过程中围岩变形的时间效应,为修改设计与指导施工提供理论依据。     

Toward Meaningful Snag-Management Guidelines for Postfire Salvage Logging in North American Conifer Forests

Abstract:  The bird species in western North America that are most restricted to, and therefore most dependent on, severely burned conifer forests during the first years following a fire event depend heavily on the abundant standing snags for perch sites, nest sites, and food resources. Thus, it is critical to develop and apply appropriate snag-management guidelines to implement postfire timber harvest operations in the same locations. Unfortunately, existing guidelines designed for green-tree forests cannot be applied to postfire salvage sales because the snag needs of snag-dependent species in burned forests are not at all similar to the snag needs of snag-dependent species in green-tree forests. Birds in burned forests have very different snag-retention needs from those cavity-nesting bird species that have served as the focus for the development of existing snag-management guidelines. Specifically, many postfire specialists use standing dead trees not only for nesting purposes but for feeding purposes as well. Woodpeckers, in particular, specialize on wood-boring beetle larvae that are superabundant in fire-killed trees for several years following severe fire. Species such as the Black-backed Woodpecker ( Picoides arcticus ) are nearly restricted in their habitat distribution to severely burned forests. Moreover, existing postfire salvage-logging studies reveal that most postfire specialist species are completely absent from burned forests that have been (even partially) salvage logged. I call for the long-overdue development and use of more meaningful snag-retention guidelines for postfire specialists, and I note that the biology of the most fire-dependent bird species suggests that even a cursory attempt to meet their snag needs would preclude postfire salvage logging in those severely burned conifer forests wherein the maintenance of biological diversity is deemed important.     

活性炭纤维吸附模拟废气中的乙醇和乙醚

采用动态吸附法研究了5种活性炭纤维（ACF）对乙醇、乙醚及模拟混合废气中的乙醇和乙醚的吸附性能。实验结果表明：当ACF-1，ACF-2，ACF-3，ACF-4分别吸附乙醇和乙醚时，在室温、乙醇质量浓度12.0 mg/L、乙醚质量浓度13.0 mg/L的条件下，4种ACF对乙醇的穿透吸附量和饱和吸附量分别为60~70 mg/g和339~409 mg/g，对乙醚的穿透吸附量和饱和吸附量分别为50~65 mg/g和301~344 mg/g；在室温、模拟混合废气中乙醇和乙醚的质量浓度均为11.6 mg/L、吸附时间120 min的条件下，具有较大的比表面积和微孔体积的ACF-5对乙醇的吸附量为205 mg/g，对乙醚的吸附量为223 mg/g；在脱附真空度-0.95 Pa、脱附时间20 min的条件下，经17 次使用的ACF-5对模拟混合废气中乙醇和乙醚的穿透吸附量均为87 mg/g，穿透时间均为12 min。