瘦西湖风光电能驱动的曝气生物接触氧化水净化系统结构与功能

在瘦西湖选择中试河段,利用太阳能风能绿色能源,研发了风光电能驱动的曝气生物接触氧化水净化系统。系统由风光互补发电子系统、曝气生物接触氧化子系统、植物生态子系统组成。风光电能驱动的曝气生物接触氧化水净化系统运行正常。按照景观娱乐用水水质标准进行水质监测,采用模糊综合评价与贴近度计算方法,进行了系统水净化功能评价。结果表明,在试验段原水水质低于景观水C类,经该系统水净化后,可以达到景观水B类。系统的开发与实验,探索了利用绿色能源河湖水净化的新途径。     

湖北省硅肥在水稻、黄瓜、花生上的应用效果

湖北省自1987年以来开展了水稻、黄瓜、花生等作物硅肥应用研究，水稻增产4.3％-16.4％，黄瓜3.6％-9.1％，花生13.6％-40.2％,增产均达显著或极显著水平;施用硅肥能提高作物抗倒伏和抗病能力.水稻氮、硅配合施用.提高氮肥利用率2％左右.     

SiC工业生产中的环境问题及其防治对策

分析了ＳｉＣ材料工业生产中突出的环境问题及其产生过程和原因，总结了相应的防治对策，并结合当前研究提出了综合治理的新设想。     

CuO/zeolite catalyzed oxidation of gaseous toluene under microwave heating

The development of a combined process of catalytic oxidation and microwave heating for treatment of toluene waste gas was described in this work. Toluene, a typical toxic volatile organic compound, was oxidized through a fixed bed reaction chamber containing zeolite-supported copper oxide (CuO/zeolite) catalyst mixed with silicon carbide (SiC), an excellent microwave-absorbing material. The target compound was efficiently degraded on the surface of the catalyst at high reaction temperature achieved by microwave-heated SiC. A set of experimental parameters, such as microwave power, air flow and the loading size of CuO etc., were investigated, respectively. The study demonstrated these parameters had critical impact on toluene degradation. Under optimal condition, 92% toluene was removed by this combined process, corresponding to an 80%–90% TOC removal rate. Furthermore, the catalyst was highly stable even after eight consecutive 6-h runs. At last, a hypothetical degradation pathway of toluene was proposed based on the experimental data obtained from gas chromatography-mass spectrum and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analyses.     

硅对镉、锌、铅复合污染土壤中黑麦草生理生化性质的影响

采用正交试验设计L9(34)对黑麦草(Lolium perenne L.)进行温室盆栽试验,观测Cd、Zn、Pb复合污染条件下,硅(Si)对黑麦草生物量、叶绿素含量以及保护酶系统的影响.结果表明,Cd使黑麦草根系发育受阻导致生物量下降,中等水平的Zn和Pb有利于黑麦草生物量的积累;Cd、Zn、Pb复合污染造成黑麦草叶绿体结构的破坏,使叶绿素含量减少;低水平的Cd、Zn、Pb复合污染对黑麦草CAT和POD活性起到激发作用,但随着添加水平提高,两种酶活性受到抑制.Si可以促进黑麦草根系生物量的增加,有利于根系对水分和养分的吸收,保证地上部分的养分供给,使叶片生物量增加;硅化细胞的形成有利于黑麦草叶片对光能的吸收利用,Si也使叶绿素含量增加;Si对CAT和POD有显著激活作用,从而减轻重金属复合污染对黑麦草产生的伤害.     

Bench-scale synthesis of zeolite A from subbituminous coal ashes with high crystalline silica content

In this present work, fly ash and bottom ash with high crystalline silica content were obtained from the coal-fired boilers within the paper industries in Thailand. These coal ashes were used as the basic raw materials for synthetic zeolite production. The crystal type and crystallinity, specific surface area and pore size, and textural properties of zeolite products were characterized by using X-ray diffraction spectroscopy (XRD), N₂ sorption analysis, and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), respectively. It was found that sodalite octahydrate was selectively formed via the direct conventional (one-step) synthesis, whereas through a two-step, sodium silicate preparation and consecutive zeolite A synthesis process, 94 and 72 wt.% zeolite A products could be produced from the fly ash and bottom ash, respectively. The cation-exchange capacity (CEC) of fly ash and bottom ash-derived zeolite A products were closely similar to that of the commercial grade zeolite A.     

不同土壤水分条件下添加硅对紫花苜蓿茎叶和土壤氮磷钾含量的影响

为提高植物氮磷钾利用能力,采用盆栽试验研究了不同土壤水分条件下添加硅对紫花苜蓿(Medicago sativa)茎叶和土壤氮、磷、钾含量的影响.结果表明,土壤含水量为饱和含水量的35%和80%时添加硅对紫花苜蓿生物量没有明显影响,而土壤含水量为饱和含水量的50%和65%时则显著提高了紫花苜蓿生物量(P<0.05);添加硅对紫花苜蓿茎叶内氮含量没有显著影响,但显著提高了茎叶内钾和磷含量(P<0.05);添加硅对土壤全氮、速效氮、全钾和全磷含量没有显著影响,而显著提高了土壤速效磷含量(P<0.05),显著降低了土壤速效钾含量(P<0.05).说明添加硅能够显著增加紫花苜蓿茎叶内磷和钾的积累量,刺激土壤速效磷释放,降低土壤速效钾含量.     

硅基底增透膜典型自然环境适应性评价研究

目的 掌握硅基底增透膜在自然环境中的环境适应性。方法 采用棚下暴露试验方法,开展硅基底增透膜样品自然环境试验。以0.5、1、1.5、2 a为检测周期,测试样品外观形貌、微观形貌、光谱透射比和表面化学成分等性能,根据性能随试验时间和试验环境的退化规律来对硅基底增透膜的环境适应性进行评价。结果 经过0.5 a的湿热雨林(版纳站)、暖湿酸雨(江津站)、寒冷(漠河站)、南海岛礁(永兴岛站)气候环境试验,硅基底增透膜光谱透射比出现少量下降,表面部分区域出现了明显的变色和脱膜,样品已失效。随着试验时间的延长,变色和脱膜区域变多、变大,光谱透射比出现明显下降,尤其是经过2 a南海岛礁气候环境试验后,光谱透射比下降了80%左右。结论 对各性能参数进行比较,硅基底增透膜在南海岛礁气候环境中的环境适应性最差,其次是暖湿酸雨气候环境,再次是湿热雨林气候环境,相对好一点的是寒冷气候环境。     

连续施硅对双季稻镉硅累积效应的影响

为研究硅肥对土壤镉生物有效性以及双季稻对镉硅积累的影响,在稻田土壤镉较高［ω（总Cd）为1.03 mg·kg^-1］污染条件下,开展双季稻连续基施硅肥180 kg·hm^-2（以SiO₂计）的田间定位试验.结果表明,双季稻田连续施用硅肥能够增加土壤有效硅含量,增幅为108.1%~275.0%,同时提高土壤1.15~1.33个pH单位,施用硅肥早、晚稻土壤DTPA-Cd含量降幅分别为12.3%和15.9%,差异达显著水平;施硅促进了土壤镉向稳定形态的转化,土壤可交换态EXC-Cd含量降幅为2.6%~5.1%,QW处理降低达显著水平;施硅肥处理,碳酸盐结合态CAR-Cd含量降低,降幅为8.6%~24.9%,显著增加了铁锰氧化态FMO-Cd含量,增加了土壤有机结合态OR-Cd含量,增幅为2.3%~12.8%,残渣态RES-Cd含量增幅为2.3%~6.0%;连续施硅肥降低了水稻对镉的积累,早稻根、茎叶和稻米平均降幅分别为38.4%、49.7%和50.9%,晚稻根、茎叶和稻米平均降幅分别为30.6%、34.4%和39.2%;硅处理显著降低了水稻根吸收系数（AF_土/根）,降幅为25.5%~49.6%,同时降低了水稻根向茎叶的转运系数（T_根/茎叶）,降幅为13.5%~52.6%,差异显著,早、晚稻稻米镉富集系数（BAF）分别平均降低6.0%和8.0%,其中粉末状硅肥对降低水稻镉吸收效果最佳.综上表明硅肥能够降低水稻对镉的吸收积累,然而硅肥持续性降镉效应不明显.     

施硅对白菜体内镉的分布及其吸收迁移的影响

在土壤外源镉污染下,施硅考察土培盆栽条件下白菜体内不同部位间镉的分布及其吸收迁移状况。试验表明,施硅显著降低白菜根、茎、叶中的镉含量和镉累积量,随土壤外源镉污染加剧,施硅抑制白菜各器官吸收累积镉的效果愈好,且不同硅水平处理间的差异亦渐趋显著。硅降低根的镉吸收系数,在土壤外源镉处理下,施硅降低镉的初级转移系数和次级转移系数以及地上部的镉转移系数,显著降低地上部的镉吸收系数;施硅增加白菜根、茎、叶中的硅含量和硅累积量,硅含量和硅累积量的分布为根>叶>茎和叶>茎>根,与镉含量和镉累积量的分布规律一致,白菜体内有可能形成硅-镉复合物以减轻镉的毒害。