Influence of haze pollution on water-soluble chemical species in PM2.5 and size-resolved particles at an urban site during fall

To investigate the influence of haze on the chemical composition and formation processes of ambient aerosol particles,PM_(2.5) and size-segregated aerosol particles were collected daily during fall at an urban site of Gwangju,Korea.During the study period,the total concentration of secondary ionic species(SIS) contributed an average of 43.9% to the PM_(2.5) ,whereas the contribution of SIS to the PM_(2.5) during the haze period was 62.3%.The NO_3 and SO~(2-)_4 concentrations in PM_(2.5) during the haze period were highly elevated,being 13.4 and 5.0 times higher than those during non-haze period,respectively.The PM,NO~-_3,SO~(2-)_4,oxalate,water-soluble organic carbon(WSOC),and humic-like substances(HULIS) had tri-modal size distributions peaks at 0.32,1.0,and 5.2 μm during the non-haze and haze periods.However,during the non-haze period they exhibited dominant size distributions at the condensation mode peaking at 0.32 μm,while on October 21 when the heaviest haze event occurred,they had predominant droplet mode size distributions peaking at 1.00 μm.Moreover,strong correlations of WSOC and HULIS with SO~(2-)_4,oxalate,and K+at particle sizes of 1.8 μm indicate that secondary processes and emissions from biomass burning could be responsible for WSOC and HULIS formations.It was found that the factors affecting haze formation could be the local stable synoptic conditions,including the weak surface winds and high surface pressures,the long-range transportation of haze from eastern China and upwind regions of the Korean peninsula,as well as the locally emitted and produced aerosol particles.     

GO-TiO2改性中空纤维膜的制备条件及抗污染性能研究

以氧化石墨烯(GO)与纳米二氧化钛(TiO_2)为改性剂,采用界面聚合法与抽滤吸附结合,对聚偏氟乙烯中空纤维超滤膜(简称原膜)进行表面改性,得到新型纳米改性膜(简称GO-TiO_2改性膜).研究改性膜的制备工艺条件及其对腐殖酸(HA)的吸附截留性能与抗污染特性.结果表明:(1)最佳制备工艺条件为:钛酸丁酯2 m L、GO 1 mg、间苯二胺1%(质量分数)、间苯二胺浸泡时间8 min、均苯三甲酰氯0.2%(质量分数)、均苯三甲酰氯浸泡时间10 min;(2)亲水性提高显著,亲水性表面为GO-聚酰胺-TiO_2复合结构,改性膜接触角由80.6°±1.8°下降到38.6°±1.2°;(3)抗污染性能提高明显.改性膜通量总衰减率由改性前的51.2%下降到35.6%,过滤周期约为原膜的2.5倍;反冲洗后膜通量恢复率由69%提高到96%.     

西安市大气颗粒物数浓度分布及典型天气条件特征变化

利用2013年3月到2014年12月期间西安市大气中0.25～32μm颗粒物监测数据和同期气象参数、散射消光系数等数据,分析了大气颗粒物数浓度分布及典型天气条件下变化特征.结果表明:采样期间西安市大气颗粒物平均数浓度为206.27个/cm3, 99%以上为<1μm的颗粒物数.大气颗粒物数浓度冬季最高,其次为秋、夏和春季,分别为267.66、231.31、141.82和135.77个/cm3.四季的数浓度低值均出现在18:00左右,之后数浓度上升,且晚上高于白天,冬季6:00左右达到峰值,夏季的昼夜差最小,秋季最大.春夏秋冬的大气颗粒物数浓度与散射消光系数的Pearson相关系数分别为0.756、0.702、0.411、0.377.大气颗粒物数浓度在沙尘天气发生前、中、后会升高、下降和再下降,霾天气出现前、后会升高和下降;高温干燥天气下,大气颗粒物数浓度相对较低;降雨对大气颗粒物的清除作用明显,但降雨后大气颗粒物数浓度又很快回升.     

安徽黟县西坑银多金属矿成矿地质条件研究

本文介绍了安徽黟县西坑银多金属矿床的构造地质、地层与蚀变、岩浆作用、银矿体与矿石及同位素等特征,探讨了矿床形成的地质条件。     

一种提取氧化葡萄糖酸杆菌山梨糖脱氢酶的简单方法

利用表面活性剂TritonX-100建立一种提取和测定氧化葡萄糖酸杆菌（Gluconobacter oxydans)L-山梨糖脱氢酶（L-sorbose dehydrogenaseSDH)活性的简便方法，最适提取条件为：TritonX-100浓度ψ（Triton)/%=0.3。提取温度θ=4℃，处理时间t/h=6-10h；用于提取的菌悬液D550nm范围0.090-0.252。该方法提取效率为细胞碎片法的97.83%。图2表2参7     

Famine forecasting; Prices and peasant behaviour in Northern Ethiopia

This paper, completed in January 1984, begins by briefly outlining the contrasting views of price behaviour during the last Ethiopian famine (1972–1974) put forward by Seaman and Holt (1980) and Sen (1981). A hypothesis is developed to account for peasant behaviour and price responses under developing famine conditions. This is then tested with data recently made available. The paper concludes by summarizing the findings and their implications for famine forecasting, and argues that famine conditions in Northern Ethiopia are likely to worsen during 1984.     

电力污闪事故的气象条件分析

对1980-2003年长治市发生的26次严重电力污闪事故进行了调研分析.找出了其中主要电力污闪事故发生的成因及其时空分布特征.对诱发污闪的主要气象条件(浓雾、小雪、雨夹雪、毛毛雨、小雨、冰融等恶劣天气)和气象要素(相对湿度、气温、风向、风速、结冰、积雪等)进行了综合分析,给出了污闪事故发生的各类气象条件综合性判别指标以及事故发生可能性的分级预测标准,并提出了预防电力污闪的一些安全措施.     

The feasibility of concentrated rural settlement in a context of post‐disaster reconstruction: a study of China

There is growing appreciation of the use of concentrated rural settlement as an effective means of implementing infrastructure projects and helping to achieve sustainable development in rural areas. This occurs in China through the exchange of rural residential land for urban construction. However, this policy has not been effective under normal circumstances (called development‐driven conditions) as frequently farmers are reluctant to accept such an exchange. By contrast, in a time of disaster, such as after the 2008 earthquake in Sichuan Province, China, rural victims have accepted this policy of rural residential land exchange. Employing game theory, this paper identifies the reasons for the different outcomes and it contends that the implementation of concentrated rural settlement practice under disaster‐induced conditions is more effective than its introduction under development‐driven conditions. The results of the analysis indicate that, in China, concentrated rural settlement is feasible in a context of post‐disaster reconstruction.     

Travelling without a helmet: tourists' vulnerabilities and responses to disasters in Indonesia

Tourists are particularly vulnerable when natural disasters occur in regions that they are visiting. It is assumed that they lack awareness and understanding of the actions that they need to take in such circumstances. This study examines the responses of tourists in times of disaster, building on empirical data collected through large‐scale surveys conducted in Bali and Yogyakarta, Indonesia, in 2015. Both are important tourist destinations in the country that have suffered major disasters in recent years. The different types of responses to these events are framed using a grid/group analysis stemming from cultural theory. The study resulted in three key findings: (i) current disaster management planning largely follows a single rationale; (ii) tourists are not a homogeneous group, but rather a complex, diverse, and dynamic body of stakeholders; and (iii) the focus of disaster management planning should shift from a single rationale to a polyrational methodology. Disaster managers need to consider, therefore, these different aspects in the context of preparedness.     

Arkadolith土壤改良剂对内蒙沙区常见牧草生长状况的影响

通过盆栽试验,对土壤采用添加25%土壤改良剂、以及添加12.5%改良剂和12.5%腐殖质的2种处理方式,研究Arkadolith土壤改良剂对冰草（Agropyron desertorum）、沙打旺（Astragalus huangheensis）和准格尔苜蓿（Medicago sativa cv ＂Zhonggeer＂）3种沙生牧草的生长特性的影响。结果表明,3种牧草中,植株高度、生长力、发芽力以及产量都较土壤改良前有所增强,沙打旺和准格尔苜蓿的生长状况要明显好于冰草。含有多种矿物成分的Arkadolith土壤改良剂不仅可以改良贫瘠土壤,提高土壤肥力,促进牧草的增产,而且还可以减少化学肥料的施用,降低成本,做到绿色环保,因此其具有广泛的推广意义。