改良剂对4种木本植物的铅锌耐性、亚细胞分布和化学形态的影响

本研究以4种耐铅锌木本植物夹竹桃(Nerium oleander)、栾树(Koelreuteria paniculata)、泡桐(Paulownia)和苎麻(Boehmeria)为材料,在不同改良剂浓度下(CK组:100%铅锌矿渣±少量磷肥、改良一:85%铅锌矿渣±10%泥炭土±5%菌肥±少量磷肥、改良二:75%铅锌矿渣±20%泥炭土±5%菌肥±少量磷肥),进行了耐性木本植物富集与转移能力以及Pb、Zn在4种木本植物不同部位的亚细胞分布和化学形态分析.结果表明:14种植物种植后基质中重金属的浓度基本低于种植前,夹竹桃与苎麻改良一与改良二之间差异不显著,泡桐改良二效果显著优于改良一,栾树改良一效果显著优于改良二;4种植物地上部对Pb、Zn的富集系数都比较低,但具有较高的转移系数,适当的基质改良有利于提高植物对Pb、Zn的富集与转移能力.2Pb、Zn在4种植物各部位的亚细胞分布以细胞壁组分和可溶性组分为主,在线粒体、叶绿体和细胞核等细胞器组分中分布较少;与CK组相比,两改良组使可溶性组分对Pb的滞留作用和细胞壁对Zn的滞留作用在增强.3Pb在植物各部位的化学形态以盐酸、氯化钠和乙醇提取态为主,其他化学形态含量极少;Zn则以残留态、盐酸、醋酸、氯化钠、水和乙醇提取态这6种形态存在,且都具较高分配比例.与CK组相比,两改良组使植物各部位活性较弱的Pb的化学形态比例减少,活性较强的化学形态比例增加;Zn则是根部活性较强的化学形态比例增加,地上部活性较强的化学形态比例减少.     

特大城市河流表层沉积物磷形态分布及有效性:以成都市为例

为研究河流沉积物内源污染与人类活动的响应关系,采集成都市内33个点位的河流表层沉积物,采用SMT和DGT方法监测沉积物中各形态磷及生物有效性磷含量,结合多元统计方法分析其空间分布特征,计算沉积物及其孔隙水中有效态磷的释放通量.结果表明,成都市河流表层沉积物各形态磷存在空间差异性;成都市河流表层沉积物TP的平均含量为1 132.41 mg·kg~(-1),高于成都市土壤背景值365.00 mg·kg~(-1),Ca-P为最主要磷形态,平均占TP的70.58%;研究区域可划分为3类,第1、3类的磷形态结构差异大,而第2类小,且第1、3类各形态磷含量普遍高于第2类;ω(DGT-P)分别与水体ω(DTP)、具有生物有效性的ω(Fe/Al-P)和ω(OP)均有良好的相关性,DGT技术可作为快速原位检测沉积物生物有效磷含量的可靠方法;有效态磷释放量较高的为N8 W11 N2,分别为20.05、17.13、14.79 mg·(m2·d)-1,其释放能力与人类活动密切相关.     

Acute and chronic toxicity of nickel to nitrifiers at different temperatures

This study investigated the acute nickel toxicity on nitrification of low ammonia synthetic wastewater at 10, 23, and 35°C. The nickel inhibition half-velocity constants(K_(I,Ni)) for ammonia oxidizing bacteria(AOB) and nitrite oxidizing bacteria(NOB) based on Ni/MLSS ratio at 10, 23, and 35°C were 5.4 and 5.6 mg Ni/g MLSS, 4.6 and 3.5 mg Ni/g MLSS, and 9.1 and 2.7 mg Ni/g MLSS, respectively. In addition, chronic toxicity of nickel to nitrification of low ammonia synthetic wastewater was investigated at 10°C in two sequencing batch reactors(SBRs). Long-term SBRs operation and short-term batch tests were comparable with respect to the extent of inhibition and corresponding Ni/MLSS ratio. The μ_(max), b, and K_o of AOB were 0.16 day~(-1), 0.098 day~(-1) and 2.08 mg O_2/L after long-term acclimatization to nickel of 1 mg/L at 10°C, high dissolved oxygen(DO)(7 mg/L) and long solids retention time(SRT) of 63–70 days. Acute nickel toxicity of nitrifying bacteria was completely reversible.     

沙特阿美石油公司HSE管理典型做法及启示

从安全文化建设、作业许可管理、安全教育培训、分承包商管理等4个方面简要介绍沙特阿美石油公司在HSE管理方面的典型做法,对我国石油化工工程建设企业提高HSE管理水平提供有益指导和借鉴。     

重庆境内江河水域渔业环境特点及对船体网箱养鱼的影响

重庆境内河流属长江水系，以长江，嘉陵江，涪江等河流为骨干和主体，水域面积８．２５万ｈａ，占水域总面积的７６．４％，船体网箱养鱼是近年来在该地区兴起并迅速发展的鱼类集约化养殖方式。本文根据船体网箱养鲤试验结果和有关资料，分析了重庆境内江河水温，含氧量，流速，含沙量，浮渣，工业污染特点及对船体网箱养鱼的影响，拟合了养殖舱内，外流速关系及含沙量与透明度关系，并就船体网箱养鱼的进一步发展提出了措施。     

大直径薄壁半环拉伸模具的设计

分析半环件的成形规律,制定加工工艺方案,对毛坯展开料、模具的几个主要参数、拉伸零件所需冲床规格进行了计算。     

Morphogenesis of the Procumbent Life Form in Siberian Stone Pine at the Timberline in the Western Sayan Mountains

The morphology and development are described for Siberian stone pine (Pinus sibiricaDu Tour) growing at the timberline in the Western Sayan Mountains. Throughout ontogeny, these plants have a short stem trailing in an approximately horizontal direction. Maximal longevity and viability are characteristic of basal branches, which are able to root and produce vegetative generations. This allows these plants to be classified with the procumbent tree life form, in which the clones of most adaptive genotypes not only survive under extreme environmental conditions, but can also reproduce vegetatively.     

Unexpected structural chromosome rearrangements in prenatal diagnosis

Among 5315 prenatal diagnoses performed for various indications (maternal age, neural tube defect, metabolic diseases, X-linked diseases, pathologic pregnancies) 29 unexpected structural chromosome rearrangements were found in fetal cells. Fourteen were de novo chromosome rearrangements, six unbalanced, and eight balanced. Fifteen were inherited and balanced rearrangements. This high frequency of structural anomalies is discussed.     

煤矿企业的安全文化建设探索与实践

煤矿的安全生产与企业安全文化有着内在的联系,两者相辅相成、相互联系。结合莒山煤矿对安全文化建设进行探索与实践,坚持以“三个代表”重要思想为指导,通过健全管理组织体系,完善各项规章制度,采取丰富多样的宣传手段,装备有效的安全设施以及强化安全基层基础管理等途径,倡导和树立安全发展理念,激发员工“关注安全、关爱生命”的本能意识,塑造正确的安全价值观,建成能充分保障员工安全与健康的安全文化体系。