花岗岩颗粒流模型循环压缩作用下裂纹特征分析

为了分析花岗岩颗粒流模型循环作用下的裂纹特征，基于花岗岩单轴压缩试验得到的应力应变曲线，完成了PFC3D数值试验的参数标定，探讨了不同循环次数下数值试件内部裂纹数目、分布和角度的变化规律。研究结果表明:平行黏结模型能够正确表达花岗岩的主要力学性质；在数值试验加载至破坏过程中，裂纹数目以应力应变曲线峰值点为分界，峰后阶段产生的裂纹数占总裂纹数的60%~90%;张剪裂纹最初产生于试件两端，随着加载进行，裂纹向着试件中部发展贯通，最终形成宏观剪切破坏带；剪切裂纹的角度分布方向明显，与轴向加载方向相同；张拉裂纹角度分布则在轴向加载方向和水平方向上略显集中。研究结果可为矿山安全回采矿柱提供依据。     

CAST污水处理工艺中计算机控制系统的设计

以陕西省某污水处理工程为例,介绍了循环式活性污泥法(CAST)污水处理工艺中基于PLC计算机控制系统的主要内容:包括使用目的、控制系统结构、并分述三个PLC子站各自功能及在整个系统中的地位作用,探讨典型CAST工艺中计算自动控制系统的一般设计方法,将生产过程的自动化与办公自动化相结合,从而为中小城市CAST工艺污水处理厂设计提供借鉴,推动该工艺在污水处理中的应用.     

氟碳涂料实验室循环盐雾试验后防腐蚀行为研究

目的 研究氟碳重防腐涂层在循环盐雾试验后的防护性能.方法 开展氟碳涂层的实验室循环盐雾试验,通过电化学阻抗谱、附着力、光泽、色差测试等方法对氟碳涂层的各性能进行分析表征,并使用等效电路图对电化学阻抗谱数据进行拟合,评价涂层在盐雾试验后的腐蚀保护性能.结果 循环盐雾试验1440 h后,涂层无失光、变色、粉化等现象,模值由1.42×1011?·cm2下降至7.26×1010?·cm2,下降幅度较小.结论 经循环盐雾试验后的氟碳涂层仍具有优异的防护性能.     

3OCrMnSiA钢的快速循环球化退火的研究

通过对30CrMnSiA钢的球化退火工艺进行的研究,推荐了一种适用于该材料的最佳快速循环球化退火工艺,不仅节能效果明显,而且工艺操作简单,质量稳定。所得结果对生产中正确选择球化工艺有一定的指导意义。     

室内与实海环境中B10铜镍合金海水全浸腐蚀研究

目的研究B10铜镍合金在青岛港口海水全浸区的腐蚀规律。方法进行室内模拟海水全浸试验以及港口海域实海全浸试验,利用三维视频拍照、电化学测试和失重分析等手段,对比分析了B10铜镍合金在海水全浸环境中的腐蚀形貌、腐蚀速率以及点蚀深度。结果室内模拟环境中,随着浸泡周期增长,B10铜镍合金点蚀深度有增大趋势;实海环境中B10铜镍合金180 d腐蚀速率和点蚀深度均小于室内模拟环境;室内模拟环境中,B10铜镍合金的主要腐蚀产物为Cu_2O和Cu_2(OH)_3Cl和Cu(OH)_2组成。较高含量的Cu_2O对海生物污损起到抑制作用。结论由于海水环境不同,B10铜镍合金在室内模拟试验与实海试验中腐蚀形貌、腐蚀速率和点蚀深度均存在明显差异。     

温度与循环热冲击对聚酰亚胺涂层耐蚀性影响

目的研究聚酰亚胺涂层对N80钢的防腐性能和耐热冲击性能。方法采用静电粉末喷涂在N80钢表面获得一种聚酰亚胺防腐涂层,通过高温浸泡实验评价涂层在不同温度下、不同腐蚀介质中的耐蚀性能,通过循环热冲击实验评价涂层的耐热冲击性能,通过扫描电子显微镜(SEM)观察实验前后涂层的表面微观形貌。结果热重分析(TGA)表明,聚酰亚胺涂层的热分解温度(t_(d5))为518℃。电化学交流阻抗测试结果和SEM形貌观测表明,腐蚀介质温度越高,耐蚀性能下降越快,涂层在3.5%Na Cl溶液的耐蚀性能比在25%HCl溶液中更好。涂层在经过不同温度的循环热冲击之后,表面无破损。结论聚酰亚胺涂层具有优异的耐热冲击性能,温度和腐蚀介质对涂层的耐蚀性能有重要影响。     

Assessing the strength of climate and land-use influences on montane epiphyte communities

Epiphytes, air plants that are structurally dependent on trees, are a keystone group in tropical forests; they support the food and habitat needs of animals and influence water and nutrient cycles. They reach peak diversity in humid montane forests. Climate predictions for Central American mountains include increased temperatures, altered precipitation seasonality, and increased cloud base heights, all of which may challenge epiphytes. Although remaining montane forests are highly fragmented, many tropical agricultural systems include trees that host epiphytes, allowing epiphyte communities to persist even in landscapes with lower forest connectivity. I used structural equations models to test the relative effects of climate, land use, tree characteristics, and biotic interactions on vascular epiphyte diversity with data from 31 shade coffee farms and 2 protected forests in northern Nicaragua. I also tested substrate preferences of common species with randomization tests. Tree size, tree diversity, and climate all affected epiphyte richness, but the effect of climate was almost entirely mediated by bryophyte cover. Bryophytes showed strong sensitivity to mean annual temperature and insolation. Many ferns and some orchids were positively associated with bryophyte mats, whereas bromeliads tended to establish among lichen or on bare bark. The tight relationships between bryophytes and climate and between bryophytes and vascular epiphytes indicated that relatively small climate changes could result in rapid, cascading losses of montane epiphyte communities. Currently, shade coffee farms can support high bryophyte cover and diverse vascular epiphyte assemblages when larger, older trees are present. Agroforests serve as valuable reservoirs for epiphyte biodiversity and may be important early-warning systems as the climate changes.     

有机-无机纳米聚硅氧烷涂料的耐蚀性研究

目的研究有机-无机纳米聚硅氧烷涂料的耐蚀性。方法将涂层试样制作划痕后,采用盐雾试验方法和盐溶液周浸试验方法进行加速腐蚀试验,采用最大剥落值对涂层剥落程度进行量化考核。结果获得了4种涂料在试验环境下的腐蚀失效模式、失效过程、失效程度、以及涂层损伤随加速腐蚀时间的变化规律等方面的试验数据。结论在盐雾试验中,涂层的失效模式主要是剥落,盐溶液周浸试验主要是剥落和鼓泡。在盐雾腐蚀环境下,3#涂料耐蚀性最佳,在周浸腐蚀环境下1#涂料耐蚀性最佳。采用最大剥落值对涂层的剥落程度进行量化考核是可行的。     

PATTERNS OF WATERSHED MONTHLY RUNOFF1

ABSTRACT: Two dimensional sliding polynomials were adapted to pattern analysis of watershed monthly rainfall and runoff. Contours of runoff in the two-dimensional space of time and rainfall are constructed on a grid of 16 nodes whose values are determined by least squares. This method is form free, hence derived patterns are not biased to selected functional forms, but can directly represent the smoothed data. Values of the nodes are localized averages of the data constrained by required mathematical continuity across the grid of values. An advantage of the method is that the standard deviation can be calculated for each node, thus producing patterns of uncertainty of the deterministic component revealed by the data.     

循环活性污泥法处理生活污水的脱氮性能实验研究

本以城市生活污水为处理对象，通过在主反应器前设置缺氧选择器，同时改变运行周期和进水-曝气方式，研究CAST工艺的生物降解过程及脱氮机理，并考察该工艺去除有机碳和脱氮的性能。结果表明，CAST生物脱氮工艺中最佳周期为4h。其出水CODCr质量浓度为61.80mg／L，去除率为84．52％；出水TN质量浓度平均为25．17mg／L，去除率为54．56％。非限制性曝气没有太大优势。建议采用限制性曝气与非连续性进水方式，以节约能耗和提高脱氮效果。