壳聚糖的絮凝性能及其在废水脱色处理中的应用

介绍了壳聚糖的理化性质及其作为絮凝剂的优点,探讨了壳聚糖的絮凝机理,分析了壳聚糖絮凝效果的影响因素(包括废水p H、絮凝温度、搅拌转速及时间、壳聚糖投加量、壳聚糖脱乙酰度及相对分子质量、废水浊度),总结了壳聚糖改性和复合后在废水脱色处理中的应用。指出:未来还需更深入地研究絮凝机理,同时也需进一步研究影响絮凝效果的因素;新型壳聚糖絮凝剂将向更高效、成本更低且环境友好的方向发展。     

LiFePO_4非均相Fenton法处理亚甲基蓝染料的研究

采用水热法制备出LiFePO4催化剂,通过电子显微镜（SEM）、X射线衍射（XRD）和傅立叶红外光谱（FTIR）对其进行表征,并将其作为非均相Fenton催化剂处理亚甲基蓝（MB）染料溶液。实验结果表明,在催化剂用量为4 g/L,H2O2浓度为0.04 mol/L,pH值为3,温度为50℃,反应时间为60 min的条件下,浓度为500 mg/L的亚甲基蓝脱色率达99%。根据实验结果,讨论了LiFePO4作为非均相Fenton催化剂对亚甲基蓝的降解机理。     

Biological Decolorization of C.I. Basic Green 4 Solution by Chlorella sp.： Effect of Operational Parameters

In recent years, the ability of microorganisms to decolorize textile wastewater has received great attention due to the environmental persistence and toxicity of these pollutants. In this paper biological decolorization of triphenylmethane dye, C.I. Basic Green 4 (BG 4), by Chlorella species was investigated. The effect of operational parameters (temperature, pH, initial dye concentration and algal concentration) on decolorization efficiency was examined. Results indicated that the desired initial pH was 9. The stability and efficiency of the algae in long-term repetitive operations were also examined. Michaelis-Menten kinetics was employed to describe the apparent correlation between the decolorization rate and dye concentration. The optimal kinetic parameters, Vmax (specific decolorization rate) and Km (maximum specific decolorization rate) were 4.6 mg dye g cell-1 h-1and 151.0 mg L-1, respectively. Fig 10, Tab 2, Ref24     

电化学方法生成羟基自由基及其在酸性铬蓝降解脱色中的应用1)

在电解槽中,以Ｎａ２ＳＯ４为支持电解质,多孔石墨电极为阴极,金属铁为阳极,在１０ｍＡ·ｃｍ－２的阴极电流密度下,电解生成的过氧化氢与阳极溶解的Ｆｅ２＋进行反应,生成羟基自由基(Ｆｅｎｔｏｎ试剂),进而对有机染料进行氧化反应,使其不饱和双键断裂,从而达到有机染料降解、脱色的目的,在生成Ｆｅｎｔｏｎｎ试剂的反应中,Ｆｅ２＋被氧化为 Ｆｅ３＋,生成的 Ｆｅ３＋在阴极得电子后重新被还原为Ｆｅ２＋,因此,在电解槽中 Ｆｅ２＋起着催化剂的作用．ＣＯＤ的去除率大于８０%,脱色率达１００%．脱色速率的测定表明其为一级反应,反应速度常数ｋ等于ｌ．９８ × １０－４ｓ－１．     

醌介体催化强化酸性红B生物脱色

考察了5种结构相似的醌介体(AQS、2,7-AQDS、AQDS、1,5-AQDS和α-AQS)对酸性红B生物脱色的催化强化作用。结果表明,反应进行至5 h,在0～0.24 mmol/L AQS的浓度范围内,最高脱色率达89%(0.24 mmol/L),相对于空白组(28%)提高约3.2倍,且零级反应速率常数K与介体浓度呈正相关线性关系,K=56.571CAQS+22.616(R2=0.9012);最适实验条件为AQS浓度0.24 mmol/L,0.25%NaCl,温度35℃,pH 7;在此实验条件下,5种醌介体相对于空白组脱色效率分别提高了1.14～1.53倍,体系氧化还原电位降低了38～87 mV。本研究为解决偶氮染料生物脱色技术存在的降解速率低的问题提供了新的思路。     

异步周期换向电凝聚法处理活性艳蓝X-BR模拟染料废水及其机理研究

针对传统电凝聚法处理废水过程中易出现的电极表面钝化和极化而影响处理效果的现象,采用铝和铁板作为两极同步换向方法,通过周期性改变电流方向使电极钝化和极化现象得以减缓或消失,并实现两极均可溶,利用铝、铁系无机絮凝剂共存时可提高处理效果的特点,对活性艳蓝X-BR模拟染料废水进行处理;通过正交试验,获得了该方法的最佳处理条件.在此基础上,为避免金属铝成分在废水中出现剩余影响水质,采用异步周期换向方式加以改进,考察了铝、铁电极不同通电时间对处理效果的影响,并利用紫外-可见光分光光度法、高效液相色谱法、ICP法、高分辨质谱技术、激光粒度分析仪等手段对废水处理过程主导因素和污染物去除机理以及该方法对强化处理效果的作用机理进行了分析.研究表明,最佳条件下采用异步换向周期电凝聚法处理活性艳蓝X-BR模拟染料废水30 min可使模拟废水脱色率接近100%,COD去除率可达76%以上;处理过程中起主导作用的是电凝聚过程而非电氧化还原过程;除大部分染料分子被电凝聚气浮或沉降导致脱色外,其余的活性艳蓝X-BR染料分子在电解作用下首先断裂生成了1,4-二氨基蒽醌-2-磺酸根,之后1,4-二氨基蒽醌-2-磺酸根又被直接絮凝上浮或沉降,或者在氢离子作用下发生了加氢反应使双键消失而脱色,模拟废水脱色是上述作用的综合结果.采用改进后的异步周期换向电凝聚法可以使铝铁离子凝聚过程形成的絮体具有更为合理的粒度和结构特性,从而更易于被去除,因此处理效果略优于同步换向和定向电流电凝聚过程,且可以实现处理后废水中铝离子含量降低到无法检出,避免其在处理后的废水中出现剩余影响水质.     

Innovative combined technique for high concentration of azo dye AR18 wastewater treatment using modified SBR and enhanced Fenton process as post treatment

The purpose of this research was to evaluate the performance of combined biological/advanced oxidation process (AOP) system for treatment of wastewater containing high concentration (500 mg/L) of azo dye Acid Red 18 (AR18). Two alternating anaerobic–aerobic sequencing batch reactors (SBR1 and SBR2 without and with external feeding at the beginning of aeration cycle, respectively) were operated. The effluent of the SBRs was then post treated through enhanced Fenton process (using zero-valent iron combined with ultrasonic irradiation). More than 90% and 97% of COD was removed in the combined SBR/AOP system without external carbon source (CTS1) and with external feeding (CTS2), respectively. The analysis of dye and its metabolites using UV–vis and HPLC analysis also proved that 99% of the original dye was decolorized and more than 89% of its metabolites were degraded through CST2 which is significantly higher than the reported values in the literature. Besides, more than 87% of phosphorus removal efficiency was obtained in CST2 compared to only 54.5% removal efficiency in CST1. Regarding the findings of this study, the proposed combined treatment system (CTS2) can be suggested as an effective technique for treatment of high azo dye AR18 concentration wastewater.     

Evaluation of Bacillus sp. MZS10 for decolorizing Azure B dye and its decolorization mechanism

To evaluate decolorization and detoxification of Azure B dye by a newly isolated Bacillus sp. MZS10 strain, the cultivation medium and decolorization mechanism of the isolate were investigated. The decolorization was discovered to be dependent on cell density of the isolate and reached 93.55%(0.04 g/L) after 14 hr of cultivation in a 5 L stirred-tank fermenter at 2.0 g/L yeast extract and 6.0 g/L soluble starch and a small amount of mineral salts. The decolorization metabolites were identified with ultra performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectroscopy(UPLC-MS). A mechanism for decolorization of Azure B was proposed as follows: the C=N in Azure B was initially reduced to –NH by nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate(NADPH)-dependent quinone dehydrogenase, and then the –NH further combined with –OH derived from glucose to form a stable and colorless compound through a dehydration reaction. The phytotoxicity was evaluated for both Azure B and its related derivatives produced by Bacillus sp. MZS10 decolorization, indicating that the decolorization metabolites were less toxic than original dye. The decolorization efficiency and mechanism shown by Bacillus sp. MZS10 provided insight on its potential application for the bioremediation of the dye Azure B.     

无花果曲霉菌丝球对活性艳蓝KN-R的脱色研究

生物吸附法是染料废水处理中很有前途的一种方法。本文将培养的无花果曲霉菌丝球用于蒽醌染料活性艳蓝KN-R的脱色，研究了培养时间、温度、转速、pH值及盐浓度、不同碳源、不同氮源对菌丝球脱色的影响；比较了活菌与死菌的脱色效果；探讨了菌丝球重复利用对脱色率的影响。结果表明：培养时间为72h，温度为33℃，转速为150rpm，pH值为6．0，盐浓度为0.5％，以乳糖为碳源、硝酸钠为氮源时，菌丝球对活性艳蓝KN-R的脱色效果最好：活菌对染料的吸附性能比死菌好；菌丝球在重复利用了四次后，脱色率仍达85．7％。     

活性炭吸附法去除印染工业废水色度的试验与研究

通过试验初步研究活性炭直接吸附去除印染工业废水色度中吸附剂投加量、吸附时间等对色度去除率的影响。通过混凝沉淀法与活性炭吸附法结合、搅拌电解法与活性炭吸附法结合、脱色氧化法与活性炭吸附法结合等试验初步探讨了活性炭吸附与其它处理方法结合去除印染工业废水色度的可行性。同时，讨论了以上几种处理方法对水样中CODCr的去除、水样pH值变化等的影响。