牛仔布染整废水处理技术及应用

以贵阳纺纱厂牛仔布生产车间废水处理工程为实例,介绍了“絮凝床-迷宫沉淀”技术对含靛兰染料、淀粉和PVC浆料的染整废水处理情况。经半年的工程实际运转表明,在进水污染物平均浓度：色度、SS、COD、BOD、NH3-N分别为400(稀释倍数)、97．0mg／L、821mg／L、189.51mg／L、1．8mg／L情况下,处理效果良好,其去除率分别为97．5％、97．4％、94．0％、90．0％、58．3％,出水达到了《纺织染整工业水污染物排放标准》(GB-4287-93)一级,符合环保要求,且可以回用于绿化、冲地坪等。该技术投资和运行费用合理,操作管理方便,适合中小型纺织印染厂废水处理。     

崇义县八仙脑钨锡矿床特征

通过对八仙脑矿区的地质工作,发现本区存在破碎带-石英脉复合型、石英细脉带型、云英岩-石英细(网)脉带型等一体多型钨锡多金属矿床类型,本文对其地质特征进行了较为详细的论述,总结了区内各钨锡多金属矿床类型找矿评价的工作方法。     

贵州滥木厂铊(汞)矿床构造控矿特征及其模拟实验研究

滥木厂铊 (汞 )矿床产于NE向滥木厂鼻状背斜核部和近核部 ,并严格受控于与背斜关系密切的NE向断裂组。矿床中矿体的产出则多与层间虚脱空间有关 ,且主要产于晚二叠世龙潭组 (P2 l)和长兴组 -大隆组 (P2 c+d)。对该矿床不同部位取样并进行构造地球化学模拟实验 ,其结果表明 :成矿元素的活化和迁移与塑性变形关系密切 ,脆性变形和塑性变形的层间滑移则为矿体形成提供了有利空间 ;在应力作用下 ,导致有机质的局部富集 ,为富铊矿体的形成提供了条件。实验结果与汞铊矿体和富铊矿体主要产于晚二叠世含煤岩系有利岩石组合内的情况一致     

河南省嵩县东湾-蛮峪金矿床地质特征及找矿意义

本文通过对东湾金矿矿区的地质概况、矿床地质特征的分析研究,得出东湾金矿是岩浆热液形成的构造蚀变岩型金矿,成矿时代属燕山晚期,燕山期岩浆活动不仅提供强大的热动力条件,而且还从矿源层中携带大量的成矿物质,在构造有利部位,尤其是NNE向断裂构造部位沉淀富集成矿,总结出了找矿标志和预测了今后的找矿方向。     

陕西靖边统万城建城时期地表物质成因与自然环境

为查明距今约1600年的统万城建城时期的自然环境和该古城是否建在风沙沉积之上这一长期争议的问题,对6个钻孔剖面样品进行粒度和X-射线衍射等分析。结果表明：城墙内外地表之下均为湖泊沉积,沉积物特点与风沙沉积物显著不同,主要表现为以下五个方面：（1）沙层含有褐黄色针铁矿;（2）有多个深灰色沉积层;（3）沙层中粗砂含量显著大于风积沙层;（4）沙层中粒度成分的分选性比风积沙层明显差;（5）细粒斑点中Fe₂O₃与Al₂O₃含量比风沙沉积物高。本文获得的证据充分表明,在统万城建城前后,该区自然环境较好,普遍分布的是由湖积物组成的高平地,统万城建在湖积沙层之上。统万城建城时期基本没有发生沙漠化,沙漠化发生在建城之后的一定时期。     

Utilizing vortex behaviour to minimize drift

Abstract

The ULV spray emitted from a TBM flying in a cross wind was mapped by a scanning lidar system. The fate of the spray cloud for 2 min after release from the aircraft was followed as the material was transported downwind of the flight line. Vertical scans at 6 s intervals with 1 m^‐3 resolution provided detailed insight into the entrainment of the spray into the wing‐tip vortices and ultimate release to drift or deposit. Relative concentration, dosage and deposit profiles are presented for this cross‐wind case. Vortex lifetimes were found to be significantly different for the up‐wind and downwind vortices. The majority of the near field deposit was associated with the up‐wind vortex while the drift was linked to the down‐wind vortex.     

Foliar and ground deposits of fenitrothion following aerial application over a plantation forest

Abstract

Spray deposits were measured on spruce foliage at tree canopy level and on glass plates at ground level, after aerial application of an emulsion formulation of fenitrothion at the rate of 0.21 kg AI in 1.46 L per ha over a 16 ha plot in a plantation forest. Fenitrothion deposits were quantified by gas‐liquid chromatography. A wide variation was observed in deposits on foliage and at the forest floor. Deposits were relatively higher on foliar samples collected from the upwind side of a tree canopy than those on the downwind side. Similarly, the glass plate placed under a tree on the upwind side received relatively higher deposit than the one on the downwind side. However, the glass plates placed in the adjacent forest openings collected markedly higher deposits. Results clearly indicate filtration of the spray droplets by canopy foliage. Assessment of the average deposit of fenitrothion at ground level (mean deposit from all sampling locations) indicated that ca. 19.4% of the applied material reached the forest floor. Within a sampling station, correlation was poor between foliar depsits and those on glass plates under the same trees or in nearby clearings. Analysis of fenitrothion deposits on foliage collected at 1 and 2 h after application indicated that the droplets took, more than 1 h for deposition on the tree canopy. On the other hand, deposition on the glass plates at ground level appeared to be practically complete within 1 h post‐treatment. This was attributed to the higher sedimentation velocities of the larger droplets which tend to travel faster to the floor level than the smaller droplets which float for a longer period near the tree canopy.     

华东某铀矿区周边河流表层沉积物的天然放射性评价

利用高纯锗γ能谱分析仪测量中国华东某铀矿区附近河流沉积物的放射性核素比活度,计算γ辐射吸收剂量率(D)、有效镭浓度(Ra_(eq))、外照射指数(H_(ex))、内照射指数(H_(in))、年有效剂量当量(AEDE(室内和室外))和年性腺剂量当量(AGDE)等放射性参数,并开展沉积物的放射性危害评估,最后通过Pearson线性系数确定放射性核素比活度之间的相关性。结果表明,河流沉积物中放射性核素~(238)U、~(226)Ra、~(232)Th和40K的平均比活度分别为51.55、37.32、57.63和756.86 Bq·kg~(-1),除~(226)Ra外,其他放射性核素的比活度均高于中国平均值;距离污染区较远或存在河流稀释作用的区域,沉积物的天然放射性核素处于正常水平,作为建筑材料使用时比活度不存在超标;放射性核素~(238)U、~(226)Ra和~(232)Th之间存在显著相关性。     

矿井水源判别的GA-SVM模型研究

作为水在岩体中流动通道的渗透结构面,微观上表现出不连续性和高度的非线性等特点,因此,矿井充水水源具有不确定性、非线性。传统水化学判别分析方法往往难以准确地描述这种复杂的非线性特征,因而对矿井水源进行准确判别尚存在一定的困难。在传统SVM(Support Vector Machine,SVM)的基础上,利用遗传算法(Genetic Algorithm,GA)对传统SVM进行优化,克服了传统SVM模型参数选取经验化的弊端,并利用该方法对开磷集团马路坪矿几种水源的6个化学样本进行训练,建立了GA-SVM模型。实例分析表明,该模型判别结果与实际情况相符合,表明该模型在矿井水源判别中具有良好的实用性和有效性。     

Mercury deposition/accumulation rates in the vicinity of a lead smelter as recorded by a peat deposit

Mercury (Hg) concentration profiles and historical accumulation rates were determined in three ²¹⁰Pb-dated cores from a peat deposit in the vicinity of a lead (Pb) smelter at Příbram, Czech Republic. The Hg concentrations in peat samples ranged from 66 to 701 μg kg⁻¹. Cumulative Hg inventories from each core (for the past 150 yr) varied by a factor of 1.4 (13.6–18.5 mg Hg m⁻²), indicating variations of net Hg accumulation rate within the peat deposit. Historical changes in vegetation cover (leading to variable interception by trees) are probably responsible for this variation in space and time. The uncorrected Hg accumulation rates peaked between the 1960s and 1980s (up to 226 μg m⁻² yr⁻¹). Recent findings show that Hg records from peat tend to overestimate historical levels of Hg deposition. Therefore we used the mass loss compensation factor (MLCF) to normalize Hg accumulation rates. These corrected Hg accumulation rates were significantly lower (maximum 129 μg m⁻² yr⁻¹) and better corresponded to changes in historical smelter emissions, which were highest in the 1960s. The agreement between the corrected Hg accumulation rates in the uppermost peat sections (2–38 μg m⁻² yr⁻¹) and biomonitoring of atmospheric deposition by mosses in several recent years (4.7–34.4 μg m⁻² yr⁻¹) shows the usefulness of MLCF application on Hg accumulation in peat archives. However, the MLCF correction was unsuitable for Pb. The recent Pb deposition rates obtained by an independent biomonitoring study using mosses (0.5–127 mg m⁻² yr⁻¹) were better correlated with net Pb accumulation rates recorded in peat (7–145 mg m⁻² yr⁻¹) than with corrected rates obtained by the MLCF approach (1–28 mg m⁻² yr⁻¹).