火焰原子吸收分光光度法测土壤中铜、锌——用王水＋高氯酸消化样品消化时间对测定结果影响

用王水＋高氯酸消化土壤样品,做了褐土冷消化＋热消化、褐土直接热消化、红土直接热消化实验,结果显示：红土有机质含量相对低,易消化,取样后可直接热消化;褐土有机质含量偏高,难消化．进行热消化前须先冷消化（最好放置过夜）。     

土壤重金属测定的前处理的方法的改进

本文根据美国EPA的微波消解标准方法,结合了我国传统的土壤消解方法,解决了传统的土壤消解方法的时间长,试剂消耗量大的问题。     

细菌总数测定在水生态环境中的应用探讨

本文中细菌总数指1mL水样在营养琼脂中,36±2°c培养24h后,所生长细菌菌落的总数。细菌在自然界的分布很广,广泛存在于土壤、水、空气和动植物体表面及消化道等处。因为细菌对营养物质的消耗,环境中细菌总数的多少除了反映水体中微生物污染外,同时又能指示出水体营养物质的存在情况,就细菌总数对水体水生态环境中营养物质的指示作用进行应用探讨。     

影响动植物油测定因素的分析

随着经济的发展,生活水平的提高,动植物油的使用量日益增加。水体中动植物油的污染也日益加剧,准确测定水体中动植物油的含量显得十分重要。实验中用食用植物油配制标准样品按照红外分光光度法(GB/16488-1996)进行测定。在测定过程中从比色皿、硅酸镁、pH、分样、材质等几个角度进行讨论,以期改进测定过程,获得更加准确的测定结果。     

基于生态网络—人类干扰的国土空间生态修复优先区诊断——以长株潭城市群为例

基于整体保护与系统治理思维诊断生态修复优先区,是科学有序推进国土空间生态修复的重要抓手。以长株潭城市群为例,利用人类足迹定量评估人类活动对生态系统的干扰强度,在此基础上通过最小累积阻力模型、电路理论、移动窗口搜索法等,识别生态网络并诊断人类干扰致其结构与功能受损的关键区域为生态修复优先区。研究表明：（1）城市群人类干扰整体呈核心—边缘递减的圈层式分布,且西高东低,北高南低;（2）识别区域生态网络,其中包含140个生态源地斑块以及307条源间潜在生态廊道;（3）诊断得到生态源地修复优先区共计867.17 km²,生态廊道修复优先区共计97.83 km,生态夹点修复优先区共计40处,从面线点相结合角度提出消除或弱化人类干扰的修复策略。研究能为新时代区域国土空间生态修复的规划编制与实施工作提供空间指引。     

基于多维联系数的城市交通安全态势监控模型

为预防城市交通事故,提高城市交通安全管理水平,针对城市交通安全的现状和态势,根据交通信息在时间和空间上的分布特性,在分析城市交通安全特点的基础上,构建城市交通安全态势监控的指标体系,提出基于多维联系数的城市交通安全态势监控模型。该模型在定义多维联系数的基础上,研究了多样联系数的运算关系,并在计算各个指标与绝对理想指标的相对隶属度基础上,得到了城市交通安全态势的综合监控值。根据综合监控值不但能够评估城市交通安全状况,而且能够对不同城市交通安全态势进行大小排序。     

A new method of simultaneous determination of atmospheric amines in gaseous and particulate phases by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry

As more attention is being paid to the characteristics of atmospheric amines, there is also an increasing demand for reliable detection technologies. Herein, a method was developed for simultaneous detection of atmospheric amines in both gaseous and particulate phases using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The amine samples were collected with and without phosphoric acid filters, followed by derivatization with benzenesulfonyl chloride under alkaline condition prior to GC-MS analysis. Furthermore, the method was optimized and validated for determining 14 standard amines. The detection limits ranged from 0.0408-0.421 µg/mL (for gaseous samples) and 0.163-1.69 µg/mL (for particulate samples), respectively. The obtained recoveries ranged from 68.8%-180% and the relative standard deviation was less than 30%, indicating high precision and good reliability of the method. Seven amines were simultaneously detected in gaseous and particulate samples in an industrial park using the developed method successfully. Methylamine, dimethylamine and diethylamine together accounted for 76.7% and 75.6% of particulate and gaseous samples, respectively. By comparing the measured and predicted values of gas-particle partition fractions, it was found that absorption process of aqueous phase played a more important role in the gas-partition of amines than physical adsorption. Moreover, the reaction between unprotonated amines and acid (aq.) in water phase likely promoted water absorption. Higher measured partition fraction of dibutylamine was likely due to the reaction with gaseous HCl. The developed method would help provide a deeper understanding of gas-particle partitioning as well as atmospheric evolution of amines.     

关于铬酸雾测定问题的探讨

随着人们对铬酸雾环境问题的日益重视,铬酸雾的测定工作就显得愈发重要.文中总结了铬酸雾标准限值,阐述国内外测定方法标准及进展,最后结合实际工作指出测定中的注意事项及存在问题.研究表明,目前国内有关铬酸雾测定的标准方法仅有《固定污染源排气中铬酸雾的测定二苯基碳酰二肼分光光度法》（HJ/T29-1999）,国内外有关铬酸雾的其它测定方法也鲜有报道.在依照国标方法测定铬酸雾的实际工作中,测定结果的准确度受诸多因素影响,主要为试剂质量、玻璃器皿的清洗、显色酸度、显色温度、空气采样器流量等,需要引起注意.目前铬酸雾测定也存在诸多问题需要改进及解决,如干扰消除问题、采样管路材质问题、吸收提取液问题、质保质控问题、新测定方法拓展问题等.     

环境作用动力学及其在武器装备定寿延寿中的应用

目的研究环境作用动力学及其在武器装备定寿延寿中的应用。方法修正蠕变动力学并提出环境作用动力学,应用环境作用动力学,先期获得武器装备材料和零部件的老化、损伤函数通解,通过短暂的自然环境试验和加速试验数据,确定老化、损伤函数通解的待定系数,外推完成武器装备定寿延寿。结果提出了环境作用动力学,并应用于尾翼弹簧和压缩橡胶密封圈的寿命评估。结论环境作用动力学可以广泛应用于武器装备材料、零部件的定寿延寿领域,为整机、整弹的定寿延寿提供基础支撑。     

Does the mechanism of sex determination constrain the potential for sex manipulation? A test in geckos with contrasting sex-determining systems

The concentration of yolk steroids was suggested to influence offspring gender in oviparous animals subject to both temperature-dependent sex determination (TSD) and genotypic sex determination (GSD). However, the proposed mechanisms of steroid effects are thought to differ between TSD and GSD: a direct effect of oestrogens on gonad feminisation in TSD species vs a differential induction of male-producing or female-producing gametes in GSD species. Geckos offer an ideal opportunity for testing these suggested mechanisms. Closely related gecko species differ in their modes of sex determination. They lay clutches of two synchronously formed eggs; both eggs share equal steroid levels. If identical hormonal composition and environment during vitellogenesis, gravidity and incubation determine the sex of the progeny, siblings should share the same gender in both TSD and GSD geckos. We found strong support for this prediction in a TSD gecko species. Among clutches that were incubated at the temperature that produced both sexes, there were no clutches with siblings of the opposite sex. On the other hand, about half of the clutches yielded siblings of the opposite sex in four GSD species. These results suggest that sex-determining systems constrain the ability of the female to produce single-sex siblings and, hence, it seems that the GSD mechanism constrains the opportunities for sex ratio manipulation in geckos via yolk steroid manipulation.