RuO2/La2O3/TiO2悬浮体系中直接耐晒黑G的光催化降解

钛酸丁酯为前驱体,采用溶胶-凝胶-浸渍法制备RuO2/La2O3/TiO2复合光催化剂,以紫外灯为光源,研究了催化剂组成、煅烧温度、溶液pH值等因素对直接耐晒黑G(DFBG)光催化降解的影响.结果表明掺杂量w(La2O3)1.39%、w(RuO2)0.12%、煅烧温度500℃(2 h)、溶液pH值7.3时,光催化活性最佳.当通气量为200 mL/min,催化剂投加量为150mg时,50 mg/L的DFBG溶液经60 min降解,其降解率近100%.DFBG的光催化降解服从Langmuir-Hinshelwood动力学模型,测得相应的动力学参数k=7.42×10-3mmol/L·min,K=19.54 L/mmol.     

新农药环境化学行为研究（V）─—三氟羧草醚（Acifluorfen）在土壤和水环境中的滞留、转化

从如下几方面研究了三氟羧草醚在土壤－水环境中的化学行为：一是土壤对该药的吸附，结果表明，吸附强度与土壤理化特性密切相关，Ｆｒｅｕｎｄｌｉｃｈ常数ｋ＿ｆ＝０．９４Ｗ＿（ＯＭ）＋０．６５Ｗ＿（ＣＬＡＹ）－９．５９ｐＨ（ｒ￣２＝０．９４）；二是吸附机理研究，发现三氟羧草醚能与碱金属以外的许多金属离子形成配合物，并证实了与Ｃｕ￣（２＋）形成的双核桥联配合物的可能性；三是实验指出它在水中避光有一定的稳定性，不易水解；四是它在＜３５０ｎｍ的光辐照下，易脱羧转化，速度较快，光解产物有较好的稳定性。     

粉煤灰对单体直接染料脱色效果的研究

就粉煤灰的投加量、染料的初始浓度、pH值及脱色时间等因素对单体直接染料脱色效果进行了研究，结果表明：在加灰量为0.006g/ml、gH值为2－10、脱色时间为20－30min时，粉煤灰对单体直接染料具有良好的脱色效果。     

利用多台首波Pn、直达波Pg走时确定地壳厚度及波速

本文通过对首波Pn、直达波Pg的走时的反演,推导出地壳厚度、震源深度、P波在地壳中、壳幔边界的传播速度之间的关系式,利用多台地震记录确定一个区域内这些参数的值,从而建立出该区域的地壳模型。     

在TiO2催化剂上苯酚光催化氧化反应研究2-多相光催化氧化与直接光解反应的比较

在ＴｉＯ２悬浆体系，中压汞灯作用下，通过苯酚降解过程中总碳浓度变化及二氧化碳生成速度的变化规律，研究了光催化氧化与直接光解反应的不同，并着得比较了当反应条件如催化剂量，气相氧浓度以及光强度变化对两种反应的影响。实验结果证明了两种反应的历程和产物各不相同，多相光催化氧化更有利于有机物分子的降解，而光解作用会引起聚合反应，同时也说明充分利用太阳能不仅是开发光催化水处理技术的重要途径，也是抑制直接光解加     

乙烯菌核利在水溶液中的光解动力学

以高压汞灯和太阳光为光源，研究乙烯菌核利在重蒸水、自来水、湖水及pH缓冲液中的光解动力学。高压汞灯下，乙烯菌核利在重蒸水中的光解半衰期约为28min，而在太阳光下为3．86h。自来水和湖水中溶解性物质对乙烯菌核利在高压汞灯下的光解动力学仅有微弱的淬灭效应，但在太阳光下表现出显著的敏化效应，照光3h的敏化效率分别为138％和126％。2种光源下，pH5．0和pH7．0缓冲液对乙烯菌核利的光解均表现为光淬灭效应，高压汞灯照光60min的淬灭效率分别为69％和57％，太阳光照光7h的淬灭效率分别为77％和33％；pH9．0缓冲液则表现出显著的敏化效应，高压汞灯照光20min的敏化效率为58％，而太阳光照光1h的敏化效率则达到了415％。     

有机磷农药敏化作用的初步研究

本文研究了有机磷农药甲基1605和毒死蜱对~1O_2探针性物质二乙基二硫酸(DES)、萜品烯(α-terp)及ROO和RO探针性物质2.6-二叔醒基-4-甲基苯酚(BHT)和1,2,3,4-四氢萘(tetra)光降解的敏化作用.结果表明基态氧直接参与了DES和α-terp的光解;在甲基1605的作用下,1/K_(exptl)与[α-terp]的关系表明,α-terp的降解不为~1O_2历程;同时BHT和tetra的敏化降解说明ROO的量子产率为~1O_2量子产率的5倍;对氯氰菊酯的光敏降解产物的检测表明,在甲基1605存在下,产物仍然以~3O_2氧化产物为主.     

品红的深度氧化机理研究

选用 2 5 3 7nm的紫外光为激发光源 ,对品红 /过氧化氢体系中的紫外光解离进行了研究 .结果表明 ,该体系中品红的解离近似为表观一级反应 ,解离反应的速率常数为 0 0 386 7s- 1.品红水溶液的脉冲瞬态光谱结果表明 ,品红主要与OH自由基反应而导致脱色 ,其在 5 4 0nm处的脱色与 34 0nm处的瞬态吸收存在很好的相关性 ,品红在5 4 0nm处脱色为一级反应 ,速率常数为 8 1 0× 1 0 5s- 1,34 0nm处新的瞬态物种生成较快而衰减较慢 ,其衰减速率为 5 33× 1 0 3 s- 1.     

Photodegradation of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans in soil with vegetable oil

GOAL, SCOPE AND BACKGROUND: This study was carried out to investigate the effect of olive oil on the photodegradation of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs) in contaminated sawmill soil. Previous studies had shown that the solubility of PCDD/Fs in olive oil is high and a rapid photodegradation of PCDD/Fs takes place in olive oil when irradiated with ultraviolet (blacklight) lamps. The efficiency of this treatment method was evaluated under more practical conditions. These included the use of sunlight irradiation and a lower-grade olive oil, without a preliminary extraction of soil with olive oil. METHODS: A 1-cm layer of contaminated sawmill soil was blended with 20 weight-% of olive oil and exposed to sunlight for four weeks. In another experiment, a new dose of olive oil was added at the middle of the exposure period. The PCDD/F concentrations of the soils were monitored periodically. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: A reduction in the concentration of 2,3,7,8-chlorinated PCDD/Fs by 59% and in WHO-TEQ in contaminated sawmill soil by 48% was attained after blending the soil with two doses (20 + 20%) of olive oil and exposing the mixture to sunlight for four weeks. Photodegradation with only one dose of olive oil was less efficient. This suggests that periodical additions of olive oil would be needed to maintain a proper degradation rate. After the oil additions, the WHO-TEQ content of the soil declined with first order reaction half-lives of 19.2 to 19.7 d. The overall half-life during the four-week treatment, however, was 30 d. CONCLUSION: A significant reduction in the PCDD/F concentration of aged sawmill soil can be achieved with a relatively simple olive oil-sunlight treatment. RECOMMENDATIONS AND OUTLOOK: Some theoretical and technological questions need to be solved before using the investigated soil decontamination method in larger-scale applications. The functions of vegetable oils in photodegradation processes should be studied in more detail. The amount of oil that is needed for a proper solubilisation and photodegradation of PCDD/Fs should be minimised. Moreover, special care should be taken to prevent mobilisation of PCDD/Fs to the surrounding environment and to avoid leaving bioavailable residuals of PCDD/Fs in soil.     

Photolytic degradation of fluoroquinolone carboxylic acids in aqueous solution

Subsequent to irradiation with a xenon lamp simulating sunlight, fluoroquinolone carboxylic acids in aqueous solution form polar pyridone dicarboxylic and tricarboxylic acids. After liquid/liquid partition with chloroform/water these substances can be isolated by ion exchange chromatography of the aqueous phase. They can be regarded as intermediate compounds on the route to a complete photomineralization. The structural elucidation is performed by such mass spectroscopic methods as MS, GC/MS and HPLC/MS, whereby HPLC/MS shows the highest reliability. Additionally¹H- and¹³C-NMR measurements confirm the structure of the main polar degradation product.