亚硫酸镁清液法烟气脱硫数学模型研究

从气液传质的机理入手,将喷淋液分为喷淋液滴和喷淋液膜两种存在形式,进而基于双膜理论建立亚硫酸镁清液吸收SO2的数学模型,并利用新工艺过程建立亚硫酸镁湿法烟气脱硫喷淋塔实验台进行脱硫实验.结果表明,模型预测的脱硫效率与实验脱硫效率吻合得较好,模型可用于脱硫工艺的模拟计算;在合适的液气比条件下,亚硫酸镁清液法脱硫工艺的脱硫...     

氨法烟气脱硫产物亚硫酸盐氧化的研究进展

在氨法烟气脱硫工艺中,将副产物亚硫酸盐氧化成硫酸盐一直是氨法脱硫工艺工业化的瓶颈,也是该领域研究的热点问题。介绍了亚硫酸盐的传统氧化法和高级氧化法,以及国内外亚硫酸盐氧化动力学的研究进展,并对目前研究中出现的问题和今后发展前景进行了分析。     

Effects of used lubricating oil on two mangroves Aegiceras corniculatum and Avicennia marina

An outdoor experiment was set up to investigate the effects of used lubricating oil(5 L/m~2)on Aegiceras corniculatum Blanco. and Avicennia marina(Forsk)Vierh.,two salt-excreting mangroves.A.marina was more sensitive to used lubricating oil than A. corniculatum and canopy-oiling resulted in more direct physical damage and stronger lethal effects than base-oiling.When treated with canopy-oiling,half of A.corniculatum plants survived for the whole treatment time(90 d);but,for A.marina,high mortality (83%)resulted from canopy-oiling within 3 weeks and no plants survived for 80 d.Base-oiling had no lethal effects on A.corniculatum plants even at the termination of this experiment,but 83% of A.marina plants died 80 d after treatment.Forty days after canopy- oiling,93% ofA.corniculatum leaves fell and no live leaves remained on A.marina plants.By the end of the experiment,base-oiling treatment resulted in about 45% ofA.corniculatum leaves falling,while all A.marina leaves and buds were burned to die.Lubricating oil resulted in physiological damage to A.corniculatum leaves,including decreases in chlorophyll and carotenoid contents,nitrate reductase,peroxidase and superoxide dismutase activities,and increases in malonaldehyde contents.For both species,oil pollution significantly reduced leaf,root,and total biomass,but did not significantly affect stem biomass.Oil pollution resulted in damage to the xylem vessels of fine roots but not to those of mediate roots.     

链长和官能团对全氟有机酸降解路径的影响

考察了碳链长度和官能团对高强UV/SO₃^2-体系降解全氟有机酸的影响,选取典型全氟有机酸PFOA和PFOS,探明其降解机制.结果表明,高强UV/SO₃^2-体系可高效降解5种全氟有机酸.全氟有机酸的降解速率随着碳链长度的增加而增加.官能团对全氟有机酸的降解有重要影响,全氟羧酸在体系中的降解速率显著快于全氟磺酸.全氟羧酸是从与羧基相连的α碳上的氟原子开始,通过逐步脱CF₂单元的形式生成短链全氟羧酸进行降解.全氟磺酸主要有三条降解路径：脱磺酸基、α位脱氟以及中心C—C键断裂.     

大肠杆菌JM105中硝酸盐还原酶的制备及其性质

近年来,硝酸盐和亚硝酸盐的污染已引起普遍关注。目前,蔬菜和粮食的NO3-含量过高主要由于农药和化肥的使用、工业废水或生活污水灌溉等,食品类主要来自腌制食品和食品添加剂或防腐剂等。另外,向乳制品或食品中参碱、食盐、化肥、脏水、碱性水等也是硝酸盐污染的来源之一。因此,迫切需要快速、简便、可用于现场的硝酸盐检测方法。这就需仰赖生物酶方法,而生物酶方法的关键是酶制剂的制备和检测方法的建立。本研究通过筛选、厌氧和硝酸盐诱导培养、超声波细胞破碎和差速离心提取等方法,从大肠杆菌(Escherichia coli)JM105细胞膜中制备了硝酸盐还原酶并对其性质进行了研究。结果表明:从大肠杆菌JM105中制得的酶制剂活力很高,且在酶过量的情况下可将NO3-完全转化为NO2-,在用磷酸缓冲液清洗并冷冻保藏过夜后不含有亚硝酸盐还原酶。在加入黄素单核苷酸辅酶(FMN)后,该酶的活力可提高64%,比活力达0.42U·mg-1蛋白。该酶十分稳定,在40℃下24h活力无影响,在浓度为1mmol·L-1的Cu2 、Fe3 、Ca2 、Zn2 、Mg2 和Mo6 存在下,其活力亦不改变。因此,该酶可用于测定食品、蔬菜和环境中硝酸盐的含量。     

Prenatal diagnosis of congenital enzymopenic methaemoglobinaemia with mental retardation due to generalized cytochrome b5 reductase deficiency: First report of two cases

Prenatal diagnosis of congenital enzymopenic methaemoglobinaemia (CEM) with mental retardation was performed in two fetuses at risk for generalized NADH-cytochrome b₅ reductase deficiency. In the first case the enzyme activity of cultured amniotic cells was in the heterozygous to normal range. The mother delivered a normal baby with normal enzyme activity in cord blood cells. In the second case, the amniotic cells were almost completely enzyme deficient. The pregnancy was terminated, and the diagnosis of homozygous NADH-cytochrome b₅ reductase deficiency was confirmed in cord blood cells, in several different tissues and in cultured fibroblasts from the aborted fetus.     

五氯酚对盐泽螺旋藻的毒性研究

研究了五氯酚对盐泽螺旋藻的毒性作用。结果表明，五氯酚对盐泽螺旋藻的生长量、叶绿素含量和藻胆素含量的ＩＣ５０分别是４．２６、０．３６９、１．１３２ｍｇ／Ｌ。实验结果还显示，五氯酚在实际浓度范围内，刺激盐泽螺旋藻的硝酸还原酶的活性，并有随浓度增高，活性增强的趋势。     

Catalytic oxidation of calcium sulfite in solution/aqueous slurry

Forced oxidation of calcium sulfite aqueous slurry is a key step for the calcium-based flue gas desulfudzation(FGD) residue.Experiments were conducted in a semi-batch system and a continuous flow system on lab scales. The main reactor in semi-batch system is a 1000 ml volume flask. It has five necks for continuous feeding of gas and a batch of calcium sulfite solution/aqueous slurry. In continuous flow system, the main part is a jacketed Pyrex glass reactor in which gas and solution/aqueous slurry are fed continuously.Calcium sulfite oxidation is a series of complex free-radical reactions. According to experimental results and literature data, the reactions are influenced significantly by manganese as catalyst. At low concentration of manganese and calcium sulfite, the reaction rate is dependent on 1.5 order of sulfite concentration, 0.5 order of manganese concentration, and zero order of oxygen concentration in which the oxidation is controlled by chemical kinetics. With concentrations of calcium sulfite and manganese increasing, the reactions are independent gradually on the constituents in solution but are impacted by oxygen concentration. Manganese can accelerate the free-radical reactions, and then enhances the mass transfer of oxygen from gas to liquid. The critical concentration of calcium sulfite is 0.007 mol/L,manganese is 10^-4 mol/L, and oxygen is of 0.2-0.4 atm.     

不同氮源对海洋卡盾藻生长和硝酸还原酶活性的影响

在实验室条件下,研究了不同氮源对海洋卡顿藻(Chattonella marina)生长和藻细胞硝酸还原酶活性(NRA)的影响.结果表明,海洋卡盾藻可以有效利用无机氮源,如NH4Cl、NaNO3、NaNO2,对有机氮源如尿素、甘氨酸和1,4-丁二胺盐酸盐也有一定的利用能力,但不能有效利用丙氨酸.海洋卡顿藻的生长速率与营养盐的同化速率不一致,存在一定的滞后效应,最大比生长率可达到0.7 d-1.藻细胞硝酸还原酶活性在以NaNO3为氮源时,藻细胞酶活性(NRAmax)最大,为20.6 fmol/(min·cell).     

硫酸、亚钠生产中烟气中水净化洗涤水的循环-硫化处理与综合利用

针对化工厂硫酸、亚硫酸钠生产过程中烟气中水净化系统存在的酸性废水未能利用问题,在净化洗涤水处理综合利用工业实验改进与完善的基础上,将净化洗涤水自身的水质特性、系统循环特点与经典硫化沉淀水处理技术应用有机结合,并形成循环-硫化沉淀酸水处理技术措施,克服烟气中水洗涤净化水处理过程中存在的沉淀分离不够稳定等问题,不但使酸性废水得到高效循环利用,而且使经除杂等处理后的含酸17%以上的酸水,作为补充水用于硫酸干吸系统浓酸的稀释;而且使酸水中所含有价金属酸泥经分步沉淀、分类分离回收后送至冶炼厂提炼,使硫酸烟气中水净化洗涤系统酸性废水得到综合利用并实现其净化酸水系统少排或零排放。