Radium geochemistry in Na-Cl type groundwater in Niigata Prefecture, Japan

Radium isotopes in 23 Na-Cl type groundwater sampled mainly from deep wells in Niigata Prefecture, which is the site of the largest oil- and gas-fields in Japan, were measured along with U isotopes, chemical components and hydrogen and oxygen isotope ratios to elucidate the distribution and behavior of Ra in a brackish environment underground. Also analyzed were U and Th isotopes in 38 rock samples collected from outcrops at 17 locations. Ra-226 concentrations (8.86-1637 mBq kg⁻¹) of groundwater samples roughly correlated with total dissolved solid (TDS) concentrations and other alkaline earth contents. Their ²²⁸Ra/²²⁶Ra activity ratios (0.32-5.2) were similar to or higher than the ²³²Th/²³⁸U activity ratios (0.6-1.7) in the rocks. The most likely transport mechanism of Ra isotopes into groundwater was due to their α-recoil from the solid phase, probably from the water-rock interface where Th isotopes had accumulated, and adsorption/desorption reaction based on the increase in ²²⁶Ra contents with TDS.     

负压蒸发技术处理废弃钻井液

采用负压蒸发技术处理3种不同组分的废弃钻井液。实验结果表明:最佳蒸发温度为79℃;当蒸发温度低于95℃时,相15~#原液的出水氨氮质量浓度、悬浮物质量浓度、色度分别低于3.40 mg/L、0.093 mg/L、11倍,达到GB 8978—1996《污水综合排放标准》中的一级排放标准;当蒸发温度低于79℃时,钻井液1和钻井液2的出水氨氮质量浓度均低于37.00 mg/L,悬浮物质量浓度均低于0.080 mg/L,色度低于13倍,COD低于114.0 mg/L,达到GB 8978—1996《污水综合排放标准》中的二级排放标准。通过后续过滤除油工艺可降低钻井液中的石油类质量浓度,使最终出水达标排放。     

臭氧氧化处理页岩气钻井废水的机理与动力学

采用臭氧氧化法处理页岩气钻井废水经混凝沉淀后的出水(COD=759.63 mg/L),重点研究了废水中有机污染物的去除机理与反应动力学。实验结果表明:在废水pH为11.2、臭氧通入量为8 mg/min、反应时间为50 min的最佳工艺条件下,废水的COD去除率为42.51%;羟基自由基抑制剂CO_3~(2-)、HCO_3~-和叔丁醇的引入抑制了废水COD的臭氧氧化去除,尤其是叔丁醇的加入使COD去除率显著下降,说明废水中有机物的臭氧氧化去除过程遵循羟基自由基机理;臭氧氧化法对钻井废水中有机物的氧化去除过程符合表观二级反应动力学规律。     

西南山区某气井井场地基稳定性模拟分析

中国西南山区蕴藏着丰富的天然气资源,但随着开发规模的日益扩大,天然气井逐步转向山区这类地质环境恶劣的地区。本文以西南山区某气井为原型,在详细阐明井场区地质环境背景特征的基础上,首先对井场出现的典型地质问题——地下采空区进行定性判断和分析;之后选用F lac-2D有限差分软件,对井场加载前/后地下采空区可能造成的井场地基应力和变形特征,采用双洞和采空区这2种计算模型,进行数值模拟分析。模拟结果表明,井场加载前/后地基最大位移量为2 mm,地基局部地段出现拉应力区,但总体上地基稳定。研究结论将为后期建设中井场建筑物的优化布局及基础的选型提供依据。     

油田固体废物的毒性试验研究

通过对某油田3个区域井场的废弃钻井液和取自集输站及注水站的油泥(砂)等两种固体废物进行急性生物毒性试验和浸出毒性试验,试验结果表明:该油田的废弃钻井液急性生物毒性相对较大,油泥(砂)不具有急性生物毒性;这两种固体废物均不具有浸出毒性和腐蚀性。     

清洁生产在石油钻探行业中的应用

在介绍清洁生产理念的基础上,通过对石油钻探生产现状的分析,大量的引证了在钻探过程中应用清洁生产的可能性。对减轻钻井作业的末端处理负担,预防由于末端处理不完全造成的环境污染等方面作出了有益的探索。     

A new tracer technique for monitoring groundwater fluxes: the Finite Volume Point Dilution Method

Quantification of pollutant mass fluxes is essential for assessing the impact of contaminated sites on their surrounding environment, particularly on adjacent surface water bodies. In this context, it is essential to quantify but also to be able to monitor the variations with time of Darcy fluxes in relation with changes in hydrogeological conditions and groundwater - surface water interactions. A new tracer technique is proposed that generalizes the single-well point dilution method to the case of finite volumes of tracer fluid and water flush. It is called the Finite Volume Point Dilution Method (FVPDM). It is based on an analytical solution derived from a mathematical model proposed recently to accurately model tracer injection into a well. Using a non-dimensional formulation of the analytical solution, a sensitivity analysis is performed on the concentration evolution in the injection well, according to tracer injection conditions and well-aquifer interactions. Based on this analysis, optimised field techniques and interpretation methods are proposed. The new tracer technique is easier to implement in the field than the classical point dilution method while it further allows monitoring temporal changes of the magnitude of estimated Darcy fluxes, which is not the case for the former technique. The new technique was applied to two experimental sites with contrasting objectives, geological and hydrogeological conditions, and field equipment facilities. In both cases, field tracer concentrations monitored in the injection wells were used to fit the calculated modelled concentrations by adjusting the apparent Darcy flux crossing the well screens. Modelling results are very satisfactory and indicate that the methodology is efficient and accurate, with a wide range of potential applications in different environments and experimental conditions, including the monitoring with time of changes in Darcy fluxes.     

同一孕震模式中不同的水位变化形态

基于应力场与含水层井水位的关系 ,以DD模式为例 ,用数值模拟的方法讨论了同一孕震模式下不同地点的井水位变化。研究表明 ,同一孕震模式下水位存在不同的前兆现象 ,这些前兆现象水位变化形态与观测井相对于孕震区的不同位置有密切关系。本文同时给出了DD模式下不同地点的水位前兆变化特征     

CMT监测井在黑河流域地下水监测中的应用

以CMT监测井在黑河流域的应用为基础,通过对监测数据和采集的水样进行分析,了解了黑河流域地下水水位动态变化,掌握了黑河流域地下水水化学垂向分布规律,为合理利用黑河流域水资源提供了科学依据。     

南海高温高压含CO2气井管柱腐蚀适用性评价

目的 明确南海高温高压含CO2气井管柱材料腐蚀适用性,指导现场管柱材料选择.方法 采用高温高压釜腐蚀实验仪器对井筒高温高压环境条件下不同材料腐蚀速率进行实验分析,并采用扫描电镜及能谱分析仪对腐蚀实验后试样腐蚀形貌进行分析,评价不同井筒环境下管柱材料腐蚀适用性.结果 150℃条件下,材料腐蚀速率随分压的增加而增大,同时随...