水样中镉镍的两次双波长分光光度法测定

研究采用两次双波长分光光度法 ,一次采用双峰双波长法 ,一次采用系数补偿法同时测定水样中的镉和镍。实验结果表明 ,以 5 Br PADAP为显色剂 ,镉和镍的最大吸收峰分别为 544 .8nm和 559.2nm ,最小吸收峰均为 430nm ;镉镍的线性范围为 1～ 1 6μg/ 2 5mL。此法的灵敏度同单波长法相比有明显的提高 ,应用于合成和电镀水样中的镉镍的测定 ,均得到了满意的结果。     

模拟氮沉降对土壤酸化及土壤酸缓冲能力的影响

为探讨N沉降对酸雨区森林土壤酸化和土壤酸缓冲能力的影响,于2012年4—12月在重庆缙云山地区选取针阔混交林和常绿阔叶林2种典型林分进行模拟N沉降试验,设N0、N1、N2、N3 4个处理,施N量(模拟N沉降量)分别为0、60、120、240 kg/(hm2·a),每月月初将NH₄NO₃溶液均匀喷洒在所选样方内,8个月后进行取样分析. 结果表明:①不同pH下2种林分土壤的酸缓冲能力存在较大差异,pH越低土壤酸缓冲能力越高. ②2种林分的土壤酸缓冲能力随N沉降量的增加而降低. 在相同的N沉降量下,常绿阔叶林土壤酸缓冲能力略高于针阔混交林. ③N沉降会加快土壤酸化速率. 与N0处理相比,N1、N2、N3处理常绿阔叶林土壤pH分别下降了0.03、0.06、0.16,而针阔混交林则分别下降了0.08、0.10、0.26. ④2种林分土壤中盐基离子含量均随N沉降量的增加而降低,交换性Al3+含量则相反. 与N0处理相比,常绿阔叶林N1、N2、N3处理盐基离子含量分别下降了55.76%、66.00%、70.38%,交换性Al3+含量分别增加了16.03%、21.37%、31.81%;针阔混交林盐基离子含量分别下降了24.12%、43.38%、62.24%,交换性Al3+含量分别增加了19.19%、23.48%、34.85%. 研究表明,氮沉降会降低森林土壤酸缓冲能力,加快酸化速率,并且常绿阔叶林土壤对N沉降的敏感性高于针阔混交林.      

Application of Zr(IV) tungstate for removal of metal ions from aqueous solutions

A heteropolyacid Zr(IV) tungstate-based cation exchanger has been synthesized. An amorphous sample, prepared at pH 1.2 and having a Na⁺ ion exchange capacity of 0.92?meq?g^?1, was selected for further studies. Its physicochemical properties were determined using Fourier transform infrared spectrometer, X-ray diffraction, thermogravimetric, and scanning electron studies. To understand the cation exchange behavior of the material, distribution coefficients (K _d) for metal ions in various solvent systems were determined. Some important binary separations of metal ions, namely Mg²⁺–Bi³⁺, Cd²⁺–Bi³⁺, Fe³⁺–Bi³⁺, Th⁴⁺–Bi³⁺, and Fe³⁺–Zn²⁺, were achieved on such columns. The practical utility of these separations was demonstrated by separating Fe³⁺ and Zn²⁺ ions quantitatively in commercial pharmaceutical formulation. The cation exchanger has been successfully applied also for the treatment of industrial wastewater and a synthetic mixture. All the results suggests that Zr(IV) tungstate has excellent potential for the removal of metals from aqueous systems using packed columns of this material.     

基于安全生产双重属性的新常态下非煤矿山安全监管对策研究

为进一步提高经济新常态下我国非煤矿山安全生产监督管理水平,结合我国安全生产特有的经济属性和社会属性,分析了当前经济发展新常态下安全生产所面临的形势和机遇,查找分析了我国非煤矿山领域安全生产监督管理工作中存在的主要问题及其原因,从提高安全生产准入条件、强化安全执法、鼓励非煤矿山科技创新等方面提出了经济新常态下加强非煤矿山安全生产监督管理的对策措施,以期降低非煤矿山生产安全事故总量,减少人员伤亡,促进我国安全生产监督管理水平的整体提升。     

长江流域主要干/支流水化学特征及外源酸的影响

为了探究人类活动对长江流域水化学特征的影响,本文以流域内主要干/支流代表断面的采样点为研究对象,分别于2016年丰水期和平水期采集地表水样各13组,通过离子比值法、主成分分析法和化学离子平衡计算法,综合分析水化学特征,并估算碳酸和外源酸参与碳酸盐岩的溶蚀比例.结果表明,水化学类型主要为HCO₃-Ca型,指示流域内水化学的主要影响因素为碳酸盐岩的溶解,在碳酸盐岩风化过程中,碳酸与碳酸盐岩的相对快速风化为主导反应.此外,丰水期和平水期各采样点碳酸溶蚀比例均值分别为60.33%和59.14%,不同采样点的溶蚀比例差值较大,指示外源酸对河流与岩石侵蚀风化过程的影响不容忽视,且阳离子交换对水化学有一定影响,但并不是主要的反应过程.与多年前水文监测初期的数据相比,硫酸和硝酸对岩石风化作用加强,人为因素对长江的水质影响增大.     

厌氧污泥对萘和联苯吸附性能实验

以联苯和萘为研究目标,分别进行了厌氧污泥对这两种有机物单独及混合存在条件下的吸附试验,并考察了双模式模型(分配作用加表面吸附)对厌氧污泥吸附有机物的适用性.研究发现,联苯或萘单独存在时,厌氧污泥对其吸附的实验结果与双模式模型基本吻合;当两种物质同时存在时,实验结果表明在竞争溶质浓度较低的情况下,较低浓度联苯和萘没有表现出明显的竞争作用.此外,还考察了高含盐量对厌氧污泥吸附萘及联苯性能的影响,发现含盐量对其影响不显著,双模式模型在高含盐量的情况下仍然适用.     

A Study of Computer-Based Task Performance Under Thermal Stress

A visual-visual dual computer task was designed to test the effect of the thermal environment on dual task performance. The temperatures selected for testing were 20 and 35 °C Wet Bulb Globe Temperature (WBGT). 34 volunteers were randomly assigned to 1 of the 2 temperature conditions. Individual differences in single task performance were controlled by equating the baselines of single task performance. Once individual differences in single task capacity were controlled, statistically significant differences in performance were demonstrated. Mean accuracy was computed over a 1-hr testing period in each temperature condition. Participants’ mean accuracy in the 35° condition (38.18%) was substantially lower than in the 20° condition (50.88%).     

双污泥调理剂调理氧化沟剩余活性污泥试验研究

为了对南昌市朝阳洲污水处理厂氧化沟剩余活性污泥涡凹气浮浓缩工艺优选调理剂,采用无机高分子絮凝剂和有机高分子絮凝剂组成的双污泥调理剂PAC+FO4440SH、PAC+FO4190SH、PAC+FA920SH、PAC+AN926SHU对污泥进行调理试验,结果表明:与单独投加无机高分子絮凝剂相比,双污泥调理剂更能改善污泥的脱水性能,对污泥调理效果高低依次为PAC+FO4440SH、PAC+FO4190SH、PAC+FA920SH、PAC+AN926SHU,采用双调理剂调理朝阳洲污水处理厂氧化沟剩余活性污泥时,优选PAC+FO4440SH。     

Opportunities and challenges for development of urbanization in Western China

Urban and rural dual structure in Western China is obvious.The economic development of the central cities is relatively quick while that of the rural areas is lagging behind.The speeding up of urbanization contributes to the intensively uncoordinated development of urban and rural areas.Besides,the eco-fragile environment,shortage of available water resources,adverse geographic location,and relatively backward social economy restrict the development of urbanization in Western China.However,Western China also has the advantages of backwardness.This paper analyzes the present situation and development trend of urbanization in Western China.The results show that Western China has basically formed a development pattern with"industry promotes agriculture and urban leads to village".Therefore,combined with the present situation of Western China,this paper describes and analyzes the opportunities and challenges that may appear in the process of urbanization in Western China,puts forward the development pattern in which urban and rural areas can gain mutual support and co-development,and provides related recommendations.     

河北省顺平县地下水化学特征及其成因分析

为研究顺平县地下水化学特征及离子来源,服务顺平县水资源科学开发与管理,系统采集了县域33组岩溶水和12组孔隙水样品,综合利用Gibbs图、离子比值关系和多元统计分析方法,分析了顺平县各类型地下水水化学类型、组成特征和主要控制因素,评估各来源对地下水溶质的贡献率.结果表明,研究区孔隙水和岩溶水整体呈弱碱性,TDS变化范围分别为245.89～430.00mg·L^-1和223.54～1 347.80mg·L^-1;阴阳离子组分以HCO^-₃和Ca²⁺为主.研究区内地下水聚类分为PW1、PW2类孔隙水和KW1、KW2、KW3类岩溶水,PW1和KW1类为HCO₃-Ca·Mg型水,PW2为HCO₃·Cl-Ca·Mg型水,KW2为HCO₃·NO₃-Ca·Mg型水,KW3为高矿化度的SO₄-Ca·Mg型水.以白云石矿物为主的碳酸盐岩风化和以钠长石、钾长石为主的硅酸盐岩矿物风化是地下水主要的...