蔬菜的硝态氮累积及菜地土壤的硝态氮残留

在不同季节对11类、48种蔬菜的测定表明,硝态氮含量高于325mg·kg^-1,达到4级污染水平的有20种,占调查总数的41.7%,包括全部叶菜类、部分瓜类、根菜类和葱蒜类蔬菜.其中硝态氮含量高于700mg·kg^-1,超过4级污染水平的有5种,均为叶菜类蔬菜.叶菜硝态氮累积虽为严重,但其中部分蔬菜叶片的硝态氮含量却低于3级污染水平对不同类型菜地和农田土壤的测定发现,菜地0～200cma各土层的硝态氮残留量均高于农田土壤,常年露天菜地200cm土层的硝态氮残留总量为1358.8kg·hm^-2年大棚菜田为1411.8kg·hm^-2,5年大棚则达1520.9kg·hm^-2,而一般农田仅为245.4kg·hm^-2.菜地土壤的硝态氮残留严重威胁菜区地下水环境.     

空区处理与残矿回采对围岩及地表影响的数值模拟分析

为了提高矿山企业开采的生产效益及确保施工中设备人员的生命财产安全,采用现场声波测试试验与室内物理力学试验得出的力学参数,应用FLAC3D数值模拟软件,在空区顶板-矿柱体系简化为弹性矩形薄板-H-K体流变力学模型的基础上,分析空区处理与残矿回采对围岩及地表的影响规律。结果表明:矿区三中段充填回采过程中压应力最大值出现在Ⅲ-10开采之后,右帮壁形成了9. 8 MPa的压应力集中区;拉应力区域主要存在于充填体内,且大部分拉应力超过了充填体抗拉强度幅值0. 12 MPa;地表移动带范围内垂直方向位移保持在0～1 mm。实际施工中应采取加强充填体强度达0. 27 MPa以上或保留部分矿体支撑顶板等措施确保回采安全。     

采空区注超临界CO2防灭火试验研究

为研究超临界CO₂注入采空区防灭火的规律,自主研制了产生超临界CO₂和模拟采空区遗煤自燃升温试验系统,得到了不同温压条件下超临界CO₂注入采空区前后不同监测点的温度、O₂和CO浓度变化数据信息。试验结果表明:注入采空区的超临界CO₂发生相变,有序结构急速失序,大量吸收热量,采空区内的煤体、空气温度随时间呈线性快速下降规律,其降温能力是气态N₂的10倍;超临界CO₂在自燃发火煤体中的强渗透扩散特性,使自燃煤体快速惰化,防灭火效率高;停止注入后,小范围回温符合反二次函数特征;高压力超临界CO₂相对于低压条件,防灭火性能更佳;超临界CO₂是1种降温降氧能力显著,且输送性能优良的采空区新型防灭火材料,超临界CO₂防灭火效果优于气态N₂。     

Fire and Green-Tree Retention in Conservation of Red-Listed and Rare Deadwood-Dependent Beetles in Finnish Boreal Forests

Abstract:  Habitat loss, fragmentation, and declining habitat quality have created an extinction debt in boreal forests, which could be partly reversed by deliberately improving the habitat quality in managed areas outside reserves. We studied the effects of green-tree retention and controlled burning on red-listed and rare, deadwood-dependent (saproxylic) beetles in a large-scale field experiment in eastern Finland. Our factorial study design included 24 sites dominated by Scots pine ( Pinus sylvestris L.) and with three levels of green-tree retention (0, 10, and 50 m³/ha) and uncut controls. Twelve of the 24 sites were burned in 2001. We sampled beetles with 10 flight-intercept traps on each site during the years 2000–2002 (i.e., 1 pretreatment and 2 post-treatment years). A total sample of 153,449 individuals representing 1,160 beetle species yielded 2,107 specimens of 84 red-listed or rare saproxylic species. The richness of these species was higher on the burned than on the unburned sites, and higher levels of green-tree retention promoted species richness, but there were clear differences between the years. The richness of red-listed and rare saproxylic species increased in the first post-treatment year, evidently due to the treatments, continued to increase on the burned sites in the second post-treatment year, but decreased on the unburned sites. Our results showed that the living conditions of many red-listed and rare saproxylic species could be improved significantly with rather simple alterations to forest management methods. Controlled burning with high levels of green-tree retention creates resources for many saproxylic species, but increasing the levels of green-tree retention in unburned areas can also be beneficial.     

大亚湾核电站余氯排放对邻近海域环境的影响

对大亚湾核电站冷却水排放口及邻近海域海水中余氯污染状况进行了调查，结果表明：余氯的含量为〈０．０１～０．０４ｍｇ．Ｌ＾－１，各季节平均水平为０．０１～０．０２ｍｇ．Ｌ＾－１，冬季较高。余氯在海水中的形态为化合态。选择若干养殖经济动物进行了余氯毒性胁迫试验。以０．５为安全因子，余氯胁迫作用时间不超过３０ｍｉｎ时，游离斜 氯对平鲷、黑鲷仔鱼的安全容许浓度约为０．１０ｍｇ．Ｌ＾－１，对斑节对虾幼苗为０．     

物理化学法治理印染废水的研究

本文提出了两个治理印染废水的综合物化流程:(1)SE—J型絮凝剂絮凝→气浮→次氯酸钙氧化→炉渣吸附;(2)SE—型絮凝剂絮凝→气浮→活性炭吸附,并对每个处理过程进行了条件实验。实验结果表明:废水经流程(1)处理后,COD去除率达82—87%,色度去除率达88—92%,废水经流程(2)处理后,COD去除率达89—92%,色度去除率达97—98%。经两个流程处理后的出水水质分别接近或达到国家排放标准。     

聚硅酸铝铁对印染废水脱色作用及其改性的研究

印染废水的治理是我国现行工业废水治理领域的几大难题之一。本文以三种单体染料为研究对象，对絮凝剂聚硅酸铝铁进行改性，并对其脱色效果进行了检验。通过正交试验找出影响脱色效率的主要因素，并找出最佳配方组合。实验表明，改性聚硅酸铝铁脱色效率高，沉速快，是一种具有很好应用前景的脱色絮凝剂。     

物化-生化组合工艺处理化纤纺织品染色废水

采用物化 生化组合工艺处理化纤纺织品染色废水 ,结果表明 ,当进水COD为 2 50 0～ 550 0mg/L、色度为 6 0 0倍 ,BOD5 为 6 0 0～ 1 40 0mg/L时 ,COD去除率和BOD5 去除率均在 95%以上 ,脱色率可达 93% ,出水达到了排放标准。该工艺适合各种规模化纤纺织品染色厂的废水处理。     

A pilot scale anoxic/oxic membrane bioreactor (A/O MBR) for woolen mill dyeing wastewater treatment

A pilot-scale( 10 m^3/d) anoxic/oxic membrane bioreactor( A/O MBR) was tested for dyeing wastewater treatment of woolen mill without wasting sludge in 125 days operation. Results showed that the effluent quality was excellent, i.e. effluent COD less than 25 mg/L,BOD5 under 5 mg/L, turbidity lower than 0.65 NTU, and colour less than 30 DT, and met with the reuse water standard of China. The removal rates of COD, BOD5, colour, and turbidity were 92.4%, 98.4%, 74% and 98.9%, respectively. Constant-flux operation mode was carried out in this study, and backwash was effective for reducing membrane fouling and maintaining constant flux. Membrane fouling had heavy impact on energy consumption. More attention should be paid on pipe selection and design for the sidestream MBR system, too.     

秦皇岛城市污水处理厂剩余污泥基本性质及农用价值分析

剩余污泥的处理与处置是个世界性的难题。目前的处置方法中，土地利用逐渐被各国所广泛采用。通过对秦皇岛第三、第四污水处理厂的剩余污泥的基本性质进行测试，以此为基础对污泥的农用价值及其应用前景进行分析和展望。