Sustainable Management for the Eastern Mediterranean Coast of Turkey

The objective of this article is to propose a program for the integrated coastal zone management that is required to stimulate and guide sustainable development of the Mediterranean coastal zone of Turkey. Improved data collection, quality control, analysis, and data management will provide a firm basis for future scientific understanding of the East Mediterranean coast of Turkey and will support long-term management. Various innovative procedures were proposed for a promising ecosystem-based approach to manage coastal wetlands in the Mediterranean: remote data acquisition with new technologies; environmental quality monitoring program that will provide a baseline for monitoring; linking a Geographic Information System (GIS) with natural resource management decision routines in the context of operational wetlands, fisheries, tourism management system; environmental sensitivity analysis to ensure that permitted developments are environmentally sustainable; and use of natural species to restore the wetlands and coastal dunes and sustain the system processes. The proposed management scheme will benefit the scientific community in the Mediterranean and the management/planning community in Eastern Turkey.     

中国东部海域发生海啸的可能性分析

由强地震引发的印度洋大海啸在短短几个小时内就演变成了一场巨大的人间惨剧。这样的2004年12月26日自然灾害,人类能不能预防?它的形成机制是什么?我国历史上发生过海啸吗?在未来我国哪些地区会发生海啸?就上述问题,作了可能性分析。印度洋海啸的发生可以说既是天灾,也是人祸。人类虽说还不能控制地震、海啸等天灾的发生,但可以通过预报等措施来减轻它们造成的损失。我国历史时期曾发生过多次海啸,台湾周围海域是海啸的高发区域,其次是大陆架区域,渤海是低发区域。在未来,东海、南海,特别是台湾岛附近海域具备产生海啸的条件,即海南、台湾存在成灾条件;其次是上海,广州,也存在潜在的海啸危险;沿海其它城市亦应居安思危。     

Sediment and carbon accumulation in a small tidal basin: Yuehu,Shandong Peninsula,China

A small sedimentary basin (the Yuehu lagoon), located at the eastern tip of Shandong Peninsula, China, was selected to study its filling by sediment and the vertical flux of particulate organic carbon in response to natural/anthropogenic processes. Surficial and short core sediment samples were collected and analyzed to obtain data sets of grain size, organic carbon content, deposition rates and vertical fluxes of sediment and organic carbon. The analytical results show that the lagoon is covered mainly with fine-grained sediments with high deposition rate and particulate organic carbon content being found from the central part of the mud deposit. The sediment balance of the lagoon indicates high denudation rates of the catchment basin, which may be related to soil erosion in response to farming and land use pattern changes. Furthermore, preliminary analysis of the organic carbon fluxes of the Yuehu lagoon and other embayments of the region shows that these coastal systems make an important contribution to the regional shallow sea carbon burial.     

东南沿海环境因素对直升机的影响研究

东南沿海地区的高温、高湿等恶劣的自然环境条件,对在东南沿海的直升机正常使用构成了严峻的威胁。分析了东南沿海地区的气候特点和环境气候因素对直升机造成的影响,总结规律并提出防护建议以提高直升机东南沿海环境适应性。     

藏东南湿地保护与开发利用

分析了藏东南湿地的生态地位和现阶段藏东南湿地资源保护开发中的主要问题,提出藏东南湿地可持续开发利用的方法：以生态学原理为指导,走生态畜牧业和旅游业的发展之路,切实提高高原湿地农牧民的经济收入,从经济方面减轻人为不合理因素对湿地的负作用;统筹规划,发展高原特色的湿地生态旅游业,使藏东南湿地在保护和合理开发中健康发展。     

深圳近海海域营养现状分析与富营养化水平评价

根据2002~2007年对深圳近海海域水质的调查资料,阐述了深圳近海9个研究区域营养盐的时空变化特征,研究了营养盐氨氮、硝氮、亚硝态氮及磷酸盐和环境因子的相关关系,并利用有机污染指数、富营养化指数和潜在的富营养化对海域进行了评价.结果表明,深圳西部海域营养盐水平远高于东部海域,其中2002年和2006年营养盐的污染水平相对较高.东部海域水体中磷酸盐和无机氮的多年平均值为0.007 mg/L和0.078 mg/L,而西部海域则分别高达0.090 mg/L和1.544 mg/L.营养盐与pH和盐度等环境因子呈显著的负相关关系.研究区域的N/P多数大于Redfield比值,属于严重的磷缺乏区域.富营养化评价表明,深圳东部海域的富营养化程度远远小于西部海域,东部海域的富营养化指数6 a平均值为0.11,而西部海域则为42.15,基本上属于磷限制中度潜在性富营养化区,个别海域已达到磷限制潜在性富营养化状态.     

东部平原城市水污染现状及河网结构对水污染影响

以我国经济发达、城市化较高的东部平原地区城市河网水污染现状为例,结合东部平原地区河网的自然结构特征,从水动力学角度研究平原河网结构改变对地表水污染的影响,探讨我国东部平原地区城市河网水污染水动学机理,为采取有效的治理技术手段提供理论基础。     

阜新市高德东山矿山废弃地规划方案

通过对阜新市高德东山矿山废弃地的总体规划,使矿区废弃的矸石山得以综合利用。在保证矿山地质环境安全的前提下,根据矸石废弃地的立地条件及历史文化特征,本着变废为宝、以人为本和科学布局相结合的规划原则,通过道路、景观、建筑、绿地等各方面的布置把项目区规划为一处集矿山生态修复、矿山废弃地改造、教育娱乐等功能为一体的矿山公园。这种"变废为宝"和可持续利用的设计理念缓解了人地矛盾,修复了生态环境,争取了社会经济发展空间,满足了场地功能多样性,具有一定的现实意义。     

Hydrological Responses to Climate and Land‐Use Changes along the North American East Coast: A 110‐Year Historical Reconstruction

The North American east coast (NAEC) region experienced significant climate and land‐use changes in the past century. To explore how these changes have affected land water cycling, the Dynamic Land Ecosystem Model (DLEM 2.0) was used to investigate the spatial and temporal variability of runoff and river discharge during 1901‐2010 in the study area. Annual runoff over the NAEC was 420 ± 61 mm/yr (average ± standard deviation). Runoff increased in parts of the northern NAEC but decreased in some areas of the southern NAEC. Annual freshwater discharge from the study area was 378 ± 61 km³/yr (average ± standard deviation). Factorial simulation experiments suggested that climate change and variability explained 97.5% of the interannual variability of runoff and also resulted in the opposite changes in runoff in northern and southern regions of the NAEC. Land‐use change reduced runoff by 5‐22 mm/yr from 1931 to 2010, but the impacts were divergent over the Piedmont region and Coastal Plain areas of the southern NAEC. Land‐use change impacts were more significant at local and watershed spatial scales rather than at regional scales. Different responses of runoff to changing climate and land‐use should be noted in future water resource management. Hydrological impacts of afforestation and deforestation as well as urbanization should also be noted by land‐use policy makers.     

江苏海岸带土壤重金属来源解析及空间分布

以江苏省响水如东段海岸带为研究区,系统采集了239个表层土壤样品,分析测试了Cd、Cr、Cu、Hg、Ni、Pb和Zn等7种重金属元素,综合运用多元统计和地统计方法,探讨了研究区土壤重金属的主要来源,绘制了重金属的空间分布图.结果表明:(1)江苏响水如东段海岸带土壤Cd、Cr、Cu、Hg、Ni、Pb和Zn的平均含量分别为0.14、64.23、24.15、0.026、29.16、22.24和77.94 mg·kg~(-1),Cd、Cu、Hg、Pb和Zn存在较为明显的富集,Cr和Ni的平均值低于江苏滨海土壤背景值.(2)Cd、Cr、Cu、Ni、Pb和Zn在海积物母质发育土壤中的含量显著低于河流冲积物、潟湖相沉积物和三角洲沉积物母质;Cd、Cu、Hg、Pb和Zn在城镇建设用地的平均含量显著高于其他地类.(3)Cr和Ni为自然来源元素,受到成土母质的控制;Cd、Cu、Pb和Zn受到成土母质和人类活动的共同影响,人为源主要包括工业、交通排放和农业活动;Hg为人为来源,受到人为排放的大气沉降的影响.(4)Cd、Cu、Pb和Zn的高值区分布在研究区的北部、南部和西部,Hg的高值区分布在研究区的西部和南部的城镇密集区.