论江西省农业可持续发展

本文在论述持续农业提出的背景及其内函和意义的前提下，分析了江西目前存在的主要农业生态环境问题，提出了江西农业持续发展的６条对策和措施，对江西持续农业的发展具有指导意义，同时对南方有关省市具参考价值。     

On the study of ecosystem health:state of the art

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洱海轮虫及其与生态环境的关系

报道了洱海轮虫的种类组成、区系特点、数量、生物量及其分布规律,分析了轮虫的分布与生态环境的关系,揭示出洱海轮虫的分布特征及其影响其动态的主要因子.     

Concurrency: a system design approach to environmental management and sustainability

The lessons of history indicate that mismanagement of natural resources and the environment often leads to potentially adverse consequences.The increasing interest in economic development,particularly in the developing countries of the world coupled with increasing population pressures and the globalization of economic activity is placing noticeable stresses on the ultimate sustainability of both human and environmental systems.Sustainable development is not a new concept.It has been an area of concern for different elements of society for some time.Yet efforts to understand the implications of sustainable development have not,until recently,been formalized.We have focused singularly on economic development and environmental quality as if they were mutually exclusive.This paper focuses on the concept of concurrency as both a conceptual framework and practicable method of understanding and implementing the ecology and economy of sustainability.     

南方涝渍地区退田还渔的一个实例分析

以江汉平原四湖涝渍地区的一个经围湖造田形成的典型农业微域为研究对象,在对其土壤和作物生长状况进行调查的基础上,探讨了退田还渔的必要性与具体方案。结果表明,对小型湖泊通过围湖造田所形成的农业微域,在人工排水和土地平整不充分的情况下,其地貌和土壤还残留有原有湖泊的影响,处于原湖泊低处的土壤表现出明显的沼泽化和严重潜育化的特征。在该地区种植水稻产量比正常地区减产达16%～26.8%。利用数量化理论Ⅰ确定了该地区适宜退田还渔的具体位置和面积。按照这一方案实施的结果,该地区从1997～2001年的5年中精养鱼塘面积增加9倍,养鱼的效益比种植水稻高5～10倍,还减轻了该地区夏季和冬季的排水压力。     

Toxicity assessing for chlorpyrifos-contaminated soil with three different earthworm test methods

Earthworm toxicity tests are useful tools for terrestrial risk assessment but require a hierarchy of test designs that differ in effect levels (behavior, sublethal, lethal). In this study, the toxicity of chlorpyrifos contaminated soil on earthworms was assessed. In addition to the acute and chronic tests, an avoidance response test was applied. Earthworms were exposed to sublethal and lethal concentration of chlorpyrifos, and evaluated for acute toxicity, growth, fecundity and avoidance response after a certain exposure period. The test methods covered all important ecological relevant endpoints (acute, chronic, behavioral). Concentration of 78.91 mg/kg, chlorpyrifos caused significant toxic effects in all test methods, but at lower test concentrations, only significant chronic toxic effects could be observed. In the present study, chlorpyrifos had adverse effect on growth and fecundity in earthworm exposed to 5 mg/kg chlorpyrifos after eight weeks. The avoidance response test, however, showed significant repellent effects concentration of 40 mg/kg chlorpyrifos. For chlorpyrifos, concentration affecting avoidance response was far greater than growth and fecundity, it seemed likely that earthworms were not able to escape from pesticide-contaminated soil into the clean soil in field and hence were exposed continuously to elevated concentrations of pesticides.     

铁路建设对动物生态行为的影响与控制策略

从动物生境的破坏与污染两方面分析了铁路建设对动物生态行为的影响，并从铁路的路线选择、防噪减噪、设置动物通道、加强管理等方面论述了其控制对策。     

湄洲湾海水环境质量和水产业发展的关系

通过１９９５ 年１２ 月～１９９６ 年１ 月湄洲湾渔业资源调查和生物体内残毒分析，结合１９８８ ～１９９６ 年的生态环境综合调查资料，探讨以石化工业为主体的开发对湄洲湾水产业的影响。结果表明，工业发展中污染物的排放对湄洲湾生态环境和生物的不良影响正在显现，并对水产业的发展构成威胁，但在严格控制污染物排放，保护并发展水产业的情况下，湄洲湾仍能较长期保持现有的各种使用功能，维护湾内海域的生态平衡。     

综合治理太湖刻不容缓

太湖水资源状况与和长江三角洲的经济发展关系极大。多年来，人为对太湖资源的破坏使本来就很脆弱的生态环境不堪重负。应尽快建立有权威的管理机构，制定高起点，高标准，高科技，高效益的综合开发治理总体规则，使太湖明珠重放光彩。     

葫芦岛市生态环境现状及保护对策

介绍了葫芦岛市生态环境现状及主要问题，分析了各种生态问题产生的原因，阐述了保护和建设生态环境的主要对策。