On the study of ecosystem health:state of the art

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洱海轮虫及其与生态环境的关系

报道了洱海轮虫的种类组成、区系特点、数量、生物量及其分布规律,分析了轮虫的分布与生态环境的关系,揭示出洱海轮虫的分布特征及其影响其动态的主要因子.     

Concurrency: a system design approach to environmental management and sustainability

The lessons of history indicate that mismanagement of natural resources and the environment often leads to potentially adverse consequences.The increasing interest in economic development,particularly in the developing countries of the world coupled with increasing population pressures and the globalization of economic activity is placing noticeable stresses on the ultimate sustainability of both human and environmental systems.Sustainable development is not a new concept.It has been an area of concern for different elements of society for some time.Yet efforts to understand the implications of sustainable development have not,until recently,been formalized.We have focused singularly on economic development and environmental quality as if they were mutually exclusive.This paper focuses on the concept of concurrency as both a conceptual framework and practicable method of understanding and implementing the ecology and economy of sustainability.     

海岸生态交错带景观空间格局及其受开发建设的影响分析——-以海南万泉河口博鳌地区为例

以海南万泉河口博鳌镇(亚洲论坛会址)为研究区域,分析了海岸生态交错带景观生态基本特点,选取景观多样性、优势度、景观破碎度、景观分离度及生态风险指数作为评价指标,通过对景观空间格局及其变化的分析,讨论了该区域开发建设对景观空间格局的影响。研究表明:开发建设的强弱是导致博鳌区域景观格局变化的驱动力,并提出了相应的景观生态建设对策。     

Toxicity assessing for chlorpyrifos-contaminated soil with three different earthworm test methods

Earthworm toxicity tests are useful tools for terrestrial risk assessment but require a hierarchy of test designs that differ in effect levels (behavior, sublethal, lethal). In this study, the toxicity of chlorpyrifos contaminated soil on earthworms was assessed. In addition to the acute and chronic tests, an avoidance response test was applied. Earthworms were exposed to sublethal and lethal concentration of chlorpyrifos, and evaluated for acute toxicity, growth, fecundity and avoidance response after a certain exposure period. The test methods covered all important ecological relevant endpoints (acute, chronic, behavioral). Concentration of 78.91 mg/kg, chlorpyrifos caused significant toxic effects in all test methods, but at lower test concentrations, only significant chronic toxic effects could be observed. In the present study, chlorpyrifos had adverse effect on growth and fecundity in earthworm exposed to 5 mg/kg chlorpyrifos after eight weeks. The avoidance response test, however, showed significant repellent effects concentration of 40 mg/kg chlorpyrifos. For chlorpyrifos, concentration affecting avoidance response was far greater than growth and fecundity, it seemed likely that earthworms were not able to escape from pesticide-contaminated soil into the clean soil in field and hence were exposed continuously to elevated concentrations of pesticides.     

铁路建设对动物生态行为的影响与控制策略

从动物生境的破坏与污染两方面分析了铁路建设对动物生态行为的影响，并从铁路的路线选择、防噪减噪、设置动物通道、加强管理等方面论述了其控制对策。     

京津冀大气污染传输通道区大气污染时空格局研究

客观理解京津冀大气污染传输通道城市（“2+26”城市）空气污染时空格局对于区域大气污染联合防治具有重要意义.本研究采用遥感数据反演的PM_2.5浓度产品，利用趋势分析法和重心分析法，揭示了京津冀城市大气污染传输通道区2000~2015年大气污染时空格局演化特征.结果表明：（1）区域PM_2.5平均浓度整体呈现出太行山脉区域较低，太行山脉以东较高的格局，城镇地区明显高于周边地区.（2）2000~2015年区域PM_2.5年均浓度总体呈增加趋势，主要表现在2000~2007年，呈显著增加趋势的面积占全区的88.48%，之后呈稳定状态.（3）区域PM_2.5污染重心位于衡水、邢台和德州3市交界处，区域北部大气污染较严重.本研究可为京津冀及周边地区大气污染防治政策制定和措施实施提供参考与支持.     

湄洲湾海水环境质量和水产业发展的关系

通过１９９５ 年１２ 月～１９９６ 年１ 月湄洲湾渔业资源调查和生物体内残毒分析，结合１９８８ ～１９９６ 年的生态环境综合调查资料，探讨以石化工业为主体的开发对湄洲湾水产业的影响。结果表明，工业发展中污染物的排放对湄洲湾生态环境和生物的不良影响正在显现，并对水产业的发展构成威胁，但在严格控制污染物排放，保护并发展水产业的情况下，湄洲湾仍能较长期保持现有的各种使用功能，维护湾内海域的生态平衡。     

综合治理太湖刻不容缓

太湖水资源状况与和长江三角洲的经济发展关系极大。多年来，人为对太湖资源的破坏使本来就很脆弱的生态环境不堪重负。应尽快建立有权威的管理机构，制定高起点，高标准，高科技，高效益的综合开发治理总体规则，使太湖明珠重放光彩。     

葫芦岛市生态环境现状及保护对策

介绍了葫芦岛市生态环境现状及主要问题，分析了各种生态问题产生的原因，阐述了保护和建设生态环境的主要对策。